You are a constitutional council ranking individual git commits for ownership allocation.

Compare these two commits. Decide which contributed more lasting value to the project.

Judge substance, not spectacle:
- Prefer correct, lasting design and real bugfixes over churn, formatting, renames, or generated noise.
- Prefer clarity and necessity over sheer line count. A small precise change can beat a large diffuse one.
- Do not favor a side merely because its patch is longer or noisier.
- Weight what the change does for the project, not the contributor's name.

Return ONLY a JSON object: {"winner": "A" or "B", "ratio": "N:M", "explanation": "..."}
The explanation must cite concrete differences in the patches (1-3 sentences).

Side A — contributor: tommy-mor
Side A — commit message:
[239c074b] url schema stuff

Side A — unified diff (full patch):
diff --git a/AGENTS.md b/AGENTS.md
index 426a88e7c1da54fe0a28c5c76fa4e1f1bc117fcf..e60b9ba6012593361ef10e8fdd9439cd9932e09b 100644
--- a/AGENTS.md
+++ b/AGENTS.md
@@ -58,3 +58,4 @@ Use **tmux** for `cargo run --package sorter2-server` (dev server). Rebuild afte
 
 - First `cargo test` / `cargo build --release` is slow; Clojure smoke test always does a release build.
 - `legacy/` and `ideas/` are not part of the workspace build.
+- **ItemId** for web URLs is a canonical full URL (`https://reddit.com/r/rust`). Rules live in [`server/src/url_rules/`](server/src/url_rules/) (composable Rust, not a config DSL). After changing canonicalization rules, rebuild the projection: `cargo run --package sorter2-server -- replay-index`.
diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 0dd4fce5fb6400ae153cca4e3dbf5a5158e6d8b4..49a908ef935c430dbe63c6a28d8a24e38b489486 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -1951,6 +1951,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "tower-http 0.5.2",
  "tracing",
  "tracing-subscriber",
+ "url",
  "urlencoding",
 ]
 
diff --git a/REPLAY.sh b/REPLAY.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f2dbd8aea60c02d2feef74805f7ef5c2b7022537
--- /dev/null
+++ b/REPLAY.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+cargo run --package sorter2-server -- replay-index
+
diff --git a/server/Cargo.toml b/server/Cargo.toml
index 27f552c20b97ef28cdde4cb6b1a4980375135111..ad4912791aff59fb1d3293f66ad381ae618cd60b 100644
--- a/server/Cargo.toml
+++ b/server/Cargo.toml
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ async-stream = "0.3"
 futures-util = { version = "0.3", default-features = false, features = ["std"] }
 rand = "0.8"
 urlencoding = "2"
+url = "2"
 durable = { path = "../durable" }
 
 [dev-dependencies]
diff --git a/server/src/entity_store.rs b/server/src/entity_store.rs
index d5d17c3676e4a8ddec998e9f5a9dbafe9c2d9d0e..d29f39aecca6f12cdcf263cf77c3654eb4ee6cfa 100644
--- a/server/src/entity_store.rs
+++ b/server/src/entity_store.rs
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ mod tests {
     fn round_trip_payload() {
         let tmp = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
         let store = EntityStore::open(tmp.path()).unwrap();
-        let id = ItemId::parse("reddit.com/r/rust").unwrap();
+        let id = ItemId::from_url("https://reddit.com/r/rust").unwrap();
         let payload = json!({"kind": "t5", "data": {"display_name": "rust"}});
 
         store.put(&id, &payload).unwrap();
diff --git a/server/src/event_log.rs b/server/src/event_log.rs
index 36f5b406084065b608735987cdb483c236e03081..2c9290b6fdbf2c2ad1c0f1ffd7374b2d9cc97f36 100644
--- a/server/src/event_log.rs
+++ b/server/src/event_log.rs
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ mod tests {
         log.append(&sample_record(
             1,
             Event::NodeEnsured {
-                id: "reddit.com/r/rust".into(),
+                id: "https://reddit.com/r/rust".into(),
             },
         ))
         .await
@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ mod tests {
         let path = tmp.path().join("events.jsonl");
         let log = EventLog::new(&path);
         let event = Event::NodeEnsured {
-            id: "reddit.com/r/rust".into(),
+            id: "https://reddit.com/r/rust".into(),
         };
         log.append(&sample_record(1, event)).await.unwrap();
 
@@ -255,7 +255,7 @@ mod tests {
         let path = tmp.path().join("events.jsonl");
         std::fs::write(
             &path,
-            r#"{"type":"node_ensured","id":"reddit.com/r/rust"}
+            r#"{"type":"node_ensured","id":"https://reddit.com/r/rust"}
 {"schema":1,"seq":1,"ts":1,"event":{"type":"vote_recorded","ts":1,"a":"a","b":"b","ratio_left":2,"ratio_right":1,"scope":""}}
 "#,
         )
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ mod tests {
         log.append(&sample_record(
             1,
             Event::NodeEnsured {
-                id: "reddit.com/r/rust".into(),
+                id: "https://reddit.com/r/rust".into(),
             },
         ))
         .await
@@ -303,7 +303,7 @@ mod tests {
         log.append(&sample_record(
             3,
             Event::NodeEnsured {
-                id: "reddit.com/r/python".into(),
+                id: "https://reddit.com/r/python".into(),
             },
         ))
         .await
diff --git a/server/src/journal.rs b/server/src/journal.rs
index 521a108019de1ea870d14c4fafbfe572c20ce0de..50bc89f976edb82b7b0e49e954a8eccbbe82bf87 100644
--- a/server/src/journal.rs
+++ b/server/src/journal.rs
@@ -141,10 +141,10 @@ mod tests {
         let j2 = journal.clone();
         let (r1, r2) = tokio::join!(
             j1.append(Event::NodeEnsured {
-                id: "reddit.com/r/rust".into(),
+                id: "https://reddit.com/r/rust".into(),
             }),
             j2.append(Event::NodeEnsured {
-                id: "reddit.com/r/python".into(),
+                id: "https://reddit.com/r/python".into(),
             }),
         );
         r1.unwrap();
@@ -153,10 +153,10 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(projection_store.last_applied_event_count().unwrap(), 2);
         let tree = projection_store.load_tree().unwrap();
         assert!(tree
-            .get(&ItemId::parse("reddit.com/r/rust").unwrap())
+            .get(&ItemId::parse("https://reddit.com/r/rust").unwrap())
             .is_some());
         assert!(tree
-            .get(&ItemId::parse("reddit.com/r/python").unwrap())
+            .get(&ItemId::parse("https://reddit.com/r/python").unwrap())
             .is_some());
     }
 
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ mod tests {
                 1,
                 1,
                 Event::NodeEnsured {
-                    id: "reddit.com/r/rust".into(),
+                    id: "https://reddit.com/r/rust".into(),
                 },
             ))
             .await
@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ mod tests {
                 1,
                 1,
                 Event::NodeEnsured {
-                    id: "reddit.com/r/rust".into(),
+                    id: "https://reddit.com/r/rust".into(),
                 },
             )],
         )
@@ -202,7 +202,7 @@ mod tests {
         );
         journal
             .append(Event::NodeEnsured {
-                id: "reddit.com/r/python".into(),
+                id: "https://reddit.com/r/python".into(),
             })
             .await
             .unwrap();
@@ -227,13 +227,13 @@ mod tests {
         journal
             .append_many(vec![
                 Event::NodeEnsured {
-                    id: "reddit.com/r/rust".into(),
+                    id: "https://reddit.com/r/rust".into(),
                 },
                 Event::NodeEnsured {
-                    id: "reddit.com/r/python".into(),
+                    id: "https://reddit.com/r/python".into(),
                 },
                 Event::NodeEnsured {
-                    id: "reddit.com/r/clojure".into(),
+                    id: "https://reddit.com/r/clojure".into(),
                 },
             ])
             .await
@@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(projection_store.last_applied_event_count().unwrap(), 3);
         let tree = projection_store.load_tree().unwrap();
         assert!(tree
-            .get(&ItemId::parse("reddit.com/r/clojure").unwrap())
+            .get(&ItemId::parse("https://reddit.com/r/clojure").unwrap())
             .is_some());
     }
 }
diff --git a/server/src/lib.rs b/server/src/lib.rs
index 9bd5f76fd1406b9b1be4c272f4ba8647edde2678..5c02c8e704e4664453bad75d819df8a067668176 100644
--- a/server/src/lib.rs
+++ b/server/src/lib.rs
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ pub mod journal;
 pub mod pair;
 pub mod parser;
 pub mod path_types;
+pub mod url_rules;
 pub mod projection_apply;
 pub mod projection_store;
 pub mod ranking;
diff --git a/server/src/pair.rs b/server/src/pair.rs
index 43f780ba6ea6ce1cdc2e1f4cbb252ba8a10684b9..815a97b80e3e9f348e0937a4f147f2862018edb0 100644
--- a/server/src/pair.rs
+++ b/server/src/pair.rs
@@ -381,42 +381,42 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn suggest_prefers_unvoted_pair() {
-        let parent = ItemId::parse("reddit.com/r/rust").unwrap();
+        let parent = ItemId::parse("https://reddit.com/r/rust").unwrap();
         let mut tree = seed_children(
             &parent,
             &[
-                "reddit.com/r/rust/a",
-                "reddit.com/r/rust/b",
-                "reddit.com/r/rust/c",
+                "https://reddit.com/r/rust/a",
+                "https://reddit.com/r/rust/b",
+                "https://reddit.com/r/rust/c",
             ],
         );
         let vote =
-            VoteData::from_recorded(1, "reddit.com/r/rust/a", "reddit.com/r/rust/b", 2, 1).unwrap();
+            VoteData::from_recorded(1, "https://reddit.com/r/rust/a", "https://reddit.com/r/rust/b", 2, 1).unwrap();
         tree.apply_vote(&parent, vote);
         let group = tree.get(&parent).unwrap().local_ranking.clone();
         let pool = children_of(&tree, &parent);
         let (l, r) = suggest_next_pair_in_pool(&group, &pool, None).unwrap();
-        let voted_ab = (l.as_str() == "reddit.com/r/rust/a" && r.as_str() == "reddit.com/r/rust/b")
-            || (l.as_str() == "reddit.com/r/rust/b" && r.as_str() == "reddit.com/r/rust/a");
+        let voted_ab = (l.as_str() == "https://reddit.com/r/rust/a" && r.as_str() == "https://reddit.com/r/rust/b")
+            || (l.as_str() == "https://reddit.com/r/rust/b" && r.as_str() == "https://reddit.com/r/rust/a");
         assert!(!voted_ab);
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn suggest_bridges_separate_components() {
-        let parent = ItemId::parse("reddit.com/r/rust").unwrap();
+        let parent = ItemId::parse("https://reddit.com/r/rust").unwrap();
         let mut tree = seed_children(
             &parent,
             &[
-                "reddit.com/r/rust/a",
-                "reddit.com/r/rust/b",
-                "reddit.com/r/rust/c",
-                "reddit.com/r/rust/d",
+                "https://reddit.com/r/rust/a",
+                "https://reddit.com/r/rust/b",
+                "https://reddit.com/r/rust/c",
+                "https://reddit.com/r/rust/d",
             ],
         );
         let ab =
-            VoteData::from_recorded(1, "reddit.com/r/rust/a", "reddit.com/r/rust/b", 2, 1).unwrap();
+            VoteData::from_recorded(1, "https://reddit.com/r/rust/a", "https://reddit.com/r/rust/b", 2, 1).unwrap();
         let cd =
-            VoteData::from_recorded(2, "reddit.com/r/rust/c", "reddit.com/r/rust/d", 2, 1).unwrap();
+            VoteData::from_recorded(2, "https://reddit.com/r/rust/c", "https://reddit.com/r/rust/d", 2, 1).unwrap();
         tree.apply_vote(&parent, ab);
         tree.apply_vote(&parent, cd);
         let group = tree.get(&parent).unwrap().local_ranking.clone();
@@ -424,37 +424,37 @@ mod tests {
         let pair = suggest_next_pair_in_pool(&group, &pool, None).unwrap();
         let chosen = pair_set(&pair);
         let from_ab =
-            chosen.contains("reddit.com/r/rust/a") || chosen.contains("reddit.com/r/rust/b");
+            chosen.contains("https://reddit.com/r/rust/a") || chosen.contains("https://reddit.com/r/rust/b");
         let from_cd =
-            chosen.contains("reddit.com/r/rust/c") || chosen.contains("reddit.com/r/rust/d");
+            chosen.contains("https://reddit.com/r/rust/c") || chosen.contains("https://reddit.com/r/rust/d");
         assert!(from_ab && from_cd, "expected bridge pair, got {:?}", chosen);
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn suggest_prefers_attach_over_isolate_pair_among_many_unranked() {
-        let parent = ItemId::parse("reddit.com/r/rust").unwrap();
+        let parent = ItemId::parse("https://reddit.com/r/rust").unwrap();
         let mut tree = seed_children(
             &parent,
             &[
-                "reddit.com/r/rust/a",
-                "reddit.com/r/rust/b",
-                "reddit.com/r/rust/c",
-                "reddit.com/r/rust/d",
-                "reddit.com/r/rust/e",
+                "https://reddit.com/r/rust/a",
+                "https://reddit.com/r/rust/b",
+                "https://reddit.com/r/rust/c",
+                "https://reddit.com/r/rust/d",
+                "https://reddit.com/r/rust/e",
             ],
         );
         let ab =
-            VoteData::from_recorded(1, "reddit.com/r/rust/a", "reddit.com/r/rust/b", 2, 1).unwrap();
+            VoteData::from_recorded(1, "https://reddit.com/r/rust/a", "https://reddit.com/r/rust/b", 2, 1).unwrap();
         tree.apply_vote(&parent, ab);
         let group = tree.get(&parent).unwrap().local_ranking.clone();
         let pool = children_of(&tree, &parent);
         let pair = suggest_next_pair_in_pool(&group, &pool, None).unwrap();
         let chosen = pair_set(&pair);
         let from_ab =
-            chosen.contains("reddit.com/r/rust/a") || chosen.contains("reddit.com/r/rust/b");
-        let from_cde = chosen.contains("reddit.com/r/rust/c")
-            || chosen.contains("reddit.com/r/rust/d")
-            || chosen.contains("reddit.com/r/rust/e");
+            chosen.contains("https://reddit.com/r/rust/a") || chosen.contains("https://reddit.com/r/rust/b");
+        let from_cde = chosen.contains("https://reddit.com/r/rust/c")
+            || chosen.contains("https://reddit.com/r/rust/d")
+            || chosen.contains("https://reddit.com/r/rust/e");
         assert!(
             from_ab && from_cde,
             "expected ranked+unranked attach, got {:?}",
@@ -464,40 +464,40 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn suggest_connects_isolate_to_existing_component() {
-        let parent = ItemId::parse("reddit.com/r/rust").unwrap();
+        let parent = ItemId::parse("https://reddit.com/r/rust").unwrap();
         let mut tree = seed_children(
             &parent,
             &[
-                "reddit.com/r/rust/a",
-                "reddit.com/r/rust/b",
-                "reddit.com/r/rust/c",
+                "https://reddit.com/r/rust/a",
+                "https://reddit.com/r/rust/b",
+                "https://reddit.com/r/rust/c",
             ],
         );
         let ab =
-            VoteData::from_recorded(1, "reddit.com/r/rust/a", "reddit.com/r/rust/b", 2, 1).unwrap();
+            VoteData::from_recorded(1, "https://reddit.com/r/rust/a", "https://reddit.com/r/rust/b", 2, 1).unwrap();
         tree.apply_vote(&parent, ab);
         let group = tree.get(&parent).unwrap().local_ranking.clone();
         let pool = children_of(&tree, &parent);
         let pair = suggest_next_pair_in_pool(&group, &pool, None).unwrap();
         let chosen = pair_set(&pair);
-        assert!(chosen.contains("reddit.com/r/rust/c"));
-        assert!(chosen.contains("reddit.com/r/rust/a") || chosen.contains("reddit.com/r/rust/b"));
+        assert!(chosen.contains("https://reddit.com/r/rust/c"));
+        assert!(chosen.contains("https://reddit.com/r/rust/a") || chosen.contains("https://reddit.com/r/rust/b"));
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn suggest_zips_adjacent_ranks_when_tree_complete() {
-        let parent = ItemId::parse("reddit.com/r/rust").unwrap();
+        let parent = ItemId::parse("https://reddit.com/r/rust").unwrap();
         let mut tree = seed_children(
             &parent,
             &[
-                "reddit.com/r/rust/a",
-                "reddit.com/r/rust/b",
-                "reddit.com/r/rust/c",
+                "https://reddit.com/r/rust/a",
+                "https://reddit.com/r/rust/b",
+                "https://reddit.com/r/rust/c",
             ],
         );
         for (a, b, l, r) in [
-            ("reddit.com/r/rust/a", "reddit.com/r/rust/b", 3, 1),
-            ("reddit.com/r/rust/a", "reddit.com/r/rust/c", 2, 1),
+            ("https://reddit.com/r/rust/a", "https://reddit.com/r/rust/b", 3, 1),
+            ("https://reddit.com/r/rust/a", "https://reddit.com/r/rust/c", 2, 1),
         ] {
             let v = VoteData::from_recorded(1, a, b, l, r).unwrap();
             tree.apply_vote(&parent, v);
@@ -506,26 +506,26 @@ mod tests {
         let pool = children_of(&tree, &parent);
         let pair = suggest_next_pair_in_pool(&group, &pool, None).unwrap();
         let chosen = pair_set(&pair);
-        assert!(chosen.contains("reddit.com/r/rust/b"));
-        assert!(chosen.contains("reddit.com/r/rust/c"));
+        assert!(chosen.contains("https://reddit.com/r/rust/b"));
+        assert!(chosen.contains("https://reddit.com/r/rust/c"));
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn suggest_zip_prefers_1v2_before_2v3_when_both_unvoted() {
-        let parent = ItemId::parse("reddit.com/r/rust").unwrap();
+        let parent = ItemId::parse("https://reddit.com/r/rust").unwrap();
         let mut tree = seed_children(
             &parent,
             &[
-                "reddit.com/r/rust/a",
-                "reddit.com/r/rust/b",
-                "reddit.com/r/rust/c",
-                "reddit.com/r/rust/d",
+                "https://reddit.com/r/rust/a",
+                "https://reddit.com/r/rust/b",
+                "https://reddit.com/r/rust/c",
+                "https://reddit.com/r/rust/d",
             ],
         );
         for (a, b, l, r) in [
-            ("reddit.com/r/rust/c", "reddit.com/r/rust/d", 3, 1),
-            ("reddit.com/r/rust/b", "reddit.com/r/rust/c", 2, 1),
-            ("reddit.com/r/rust/a", "reddit.com/r/rust/c", 2, 1),
+            ("https://reddit.com/r/rust/c", "https://reddit.com/r/rust/d", 3, 1),
+            ("https://reddit.com/r/rust/b", "https://reddit.com/r/rust/c", 2, 1),
+            ("https://reddit.com/r/rust/a", "https://reddit.com/r/rust/c", 2, 1),
         ] {
             let v = VoteData::from_recorded(1, a, b, l, r).unwrap();
             tree.apply_vote(&parent, v);
@@ -534,16 +534,16 @@ mod tests {
         let pool = children_of(&tree, &parent);
         let pair = suggest_next_pair_in_pool(&group, &pool, None).unwrap();
         let chosen = pair_set(&pair);
-        assert!(chosen.contains("reddit.com/r/rust/a"));
-        assert!(chosen.contains("reddit.com/r/rust/b"));
+        assert!(chosen.contains("https://reddit.com/r/rust/a"));
+        assert!(chosen.contains("https://reddit.com/r/rust/b"));
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn resolve_pair_picks_from_pool() {
-        let parent = ItemId::parse("reddit.com/r/rust").unwrap();
-        let tree = seed_children(&parent, &["reddit.com/r/rust/a", "reddit.com/r/rust/b"]);
+        let parent = ItemId::parse("https://reddit.com/r/rust").unwrap();
+        let tree = seed_children(&parent, &["https://reddit.com/r/rust/a", "https://reddit.com/r/rust/b"]);
         let pair = resolve_pair(&tree, &parent, None, None).unwrap();
-        let pool: HashSet<_> = ["reddit.com/r/rust/a", "reddit.com/r/rust/b"]
+        let pool: HashSet<_> = ["https://reddit.com/r/rust/a", "https://reddit.com/r/rust/b"]
             .into_iter()
             .collect();
         assert!(pool.contains(pair.0.as_str()));
diff --git a/server/src/parser.rs b/server/src/parser.rs
index 9df2dcc9313f7fe250ce3b6aa167f6ec5d57951f..b2a963dd6cab415576c8d3a9a241966758565bb8 100644
--- a/server/src/parser.rs
+++ b/server/src/parser.rs
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ mod tests {
     fn parses_short_path() {
         assert_eq!(
             parse_reddit_url("r/rust").unwrap().as_str(),
-            "reddit.com/r/rust"
+            "https://reddit.com/r/rust"
         );
     }
 
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ mod tests {
             parse_reddit_url("https://www.reddit.com/r/programming/hot")
                 .unwrap()
                 .as_str(),
-            "reddit.com/r/programming"
+            "https://reddit.com/r/programming"
         );
     }
 
@@ -43,7 +43,10 @@ mod tests {
             "https://old.reddit.com/r/AmItheAsshole/comments/1trnvdl/aita_for_cancelling/",
         )
         .unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(id.as_str(), "reddit.com/r/amitheasshole/comments/1trnvdl");
+        assert_eq!(
+            id.as_str(),
+            "https://reddit.com/r/amitheasshole/comments/1trnvdl"
+        );
     }
 
     #[test]
diff --git a/server/src/path_types.rs b/server/src/path_types.rs
index fafd924452f6fd85e7a5b27ed2653a19581e6e56..71ffc01f35c5589686ff05dae3b5610fa01f30ce 100644
--- a/server/src/path_types.rs
+++ b/server/src/path_types.rs
@@ -1,13 +1,14 @@
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use std::fmt;
 
-/// Canonical hierarchical identity for any URL/path in the fractal tree.
+use crate::url_rules::{looks_like_url, navigable_breadcrumbs, parent_url, resolve_canonical};
+
+/// Canonical identity: a real URL (with scheme) or an opaque non-URL key.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Hash, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Serialize, Deserialize, Default)]
 pub struct ItemId(String);
 
 impl ItemId {
-    /// Parse an already-canonical path (no URL normalization). Empty string is invalid here;
-    /// use [`Self::root`] for the tree root.
+    /// Parse an already-canonical id (no normalization). Empty string is invalid; use [`Self::root`].
     pub fn parse(s: &str) -> Option<Self> {
         let t = s.trim();
         if t.is_empty() {
@@ -16,12 +17,12 @@ impl ItemId {
         Some(Self(t.to_string()))
     }
 
-    /// Build an opaque item key (legacy demo votes, non-URL items).
+    /// Build an opaque item key (demo votes, non-URL items).
     pub fn opaque(s: impl Into<String>) -> Self {
         Self(s.into())
     }
 
-    /// Root of the internet tree (empty path).
+    /// Root of the internet tree.
     pub fn root() -> Self {
         Self(String::new())
     }
@@ -34,23 +35,18 @@ impl ItemId {
         &self.0
     }
 
-    /// Creates a canonical ID from a raw URL or path. Normalizes domains and
-    /// trims tracking query params.
+    /// Canonical URL from a raw pasted or fetched URL.
     pub fn from_url(raw_url: &str) -> Option<Self> {
-        Self::canonicalize(raw_url).map(Self)
+        resolve_canonical(raw_url).map(Self)
     }
 
-    /// Normalize strings from forms, events, and Reddit imports into the same
-    /// stored id shape (e.g. drop post title slug after comment id).
+    /// Normalize strings from forms, events, and imports into canonical identity.
     pub fn from_storage(s: &str) -> Option<Self> {
         let t = s.trim();
         if t.is_empty() {
             return None;
         }
-        if t.contains("://") || t.starts_with("r/") {
-            return Self::from_url(t).or_else(|| Self::parse(t));
-        }
-        if t.starts_with("reddit.com/") && t.contains("/comments/") {
+        if looks_like_url(t) {
             return Self::from_url(t).or_else(|| Self::parse(t));
         }
         Self::parse(t).or_else(|| Self::from_url(t))
@@ -62,35 +58,52 @@ impl ItemId {
         if s.is_empty() {
             return Self::root();
         }
-        Self(format!("reddit.com/r/{s}"))
+        if looks_like_url(s) || s.contains('/') {
+            Self::from_storage(s).unwrap_or_else(|| Self::opaque(s))
+        } else {
+            Self(format!("https://reddit.com/r/{s}"))
+        }
     }
 
-    /// Extract the parent, e.g. `reddit.com/r/aww/comments/1trnvdl` →
-    /// `reddit.com/r/aww`.
+    /// Immediate parent scope in the tree.
     pub fn parent(&self) -> Option<Self> {
-        if self.0.is_empty() {
+        if self.is_root() {
             return None;
         }
-
+        if looks_like_url(self.0.as_str()) {
+            return parent_url(self.0.as_str()).map(Self);
+        }
         let parts: Vec<&str> = self.0.trim_end_matches('/').split('/').collect();
         if parts.len() <= 1 {
             return None;
         }
-
-        if self.0.contains("/comments/") {
-            return Some(Self(parts[..parts.len().saturating_sub(2)].join("/")));
-        }
-
         Some(Self(parts[..parts.len() - 1].join("/")))
     }
 
     pub fn segments(&self) -> Vec<&str> {
+        if self.is_root() {
+            return vec![];
+        }
+        if let Some(rest) = self.0.strip_prefix("https://") {
+            return rest.split('/').filter(|s| !s.is_empty()).collect();
+        }
+        if let Some(rest) = self.0.strip_prefix("http://") {
+            return rest.split('/').filter(|s| !s.is_empty()).collect();
+        }
         self.0.split('/').filter(|s| !s.is_empty()).collect()
     }
 
-    /// Cumulative paths for breadcrumb rendering, e.g.
-    /// `reddit.com/r/movies` → `["reddit.com", "reddit.com/r", "reddit.com/r/movies"]`.
+    /// Cumulative navigable paths for breadcrumbs and tree wiring (includes self).
     pub fn breadcrumb_paths(&self) -> Vec<ItemId> {
+        if self.is_root() {
+            return vec![];
+        }
+        if looks_like_url(self.0.as_str()) {
+            return navigable_breadcrumbs(self.0.as_str())
+                .into_iter()
+                .map(ItemId)
+                .collect();
+        }
         let segs = self.segments();
         let mut paths = Vec::with_capacity(segs.len());
         let mut current = String::new();
@@ -111,13 +124,13 @@ impl ItemId {
         if self.is_root() {
             return String::new();
         }
-        if self.as_str().contains("://") {
-            return self.as_str().to_string();
+        if self.0.contains("://") {
+            return self.0.clone();
         }
         if self.segments().first().is_some_and(|s| s.contains('.')) {
-            format!("https://{}", self.as_str())
+            format!("https://{}", self.0)
         } else {
-            self.as_str().to_string()
+            self.0.clone()
         }
     }
 
@@ -144,70 +157,6 @@ impl ItemId {
     pub fn from_browse_uri(path: &str) -> Option<ItemId> {
         path.strip_prefix("/~/").map(ItemId::from_browse_tail)
     }
-
-    fn canonicalize(raw: &str) -> Option<String> {
-        let s = raw.trim();
-        if s.is_empty() {
-            return None;
-        }
-
-        let owned = if let Some(rest) = s.strip_prefix("r/") {
-            format!("reddit.com/r/{rest}")
-        } else if let Some(rest) = s.strip_prefix("/r/") {
-            format!("reddit.com/r/{rest}")
-        } else {
-            s.to_string()
-        };
-
-        let (host_path, _query) = split_query(&owned);
-        let host_path = host_path.trim_end_matches('/');
-
-        let path = if host_path.contains("://") {
-            parse_url_host_path(host_path)?
-        } else if host_path.starts_with("reddit.com") || host_path.starts_with("www.reddit.com") {
-            normalize_reddit_host_path(host_path)
-        } else if host_path.contains('/') {
-            host_path.to_string()
-        } else {
-            return None;
-        };
-
-        Some(normalize_reddit_path(&path))
-    }
-}
-
-fn split_query(s: &str) -> (&str, Option<&str>) {
-    if let Some((path, q)) = s.split_once('?') {
-        (path, Some(q))
-    } else {
-        (s, None)
-    }
-}
-
-fn parse_url_host_path(url: &str) -> Option<String> {
-    let rest = url
-        .strip_prefix("https://")
-        .or_else(|| url.strip_prefix("http://"))
-        .unwrap_or(url);
-    let (host, path) = rest.split_once('/').unwrap_or((rest, ""));
-    let host = normalize_host(host);
-    if path.is_empty() {
-        Some(host)
-    } else {
-        Some(format!("{host}/{path}"))
-    }
-}
-
-fn normalize_host(host: &str) -> String {
-    let h = host
-        .strip_prefix("www.")
-        .unwrap_or(host)
-        .to_ascii_lowercase();
-    if h == "old.reddit.com" || h == "new.reddit.com" || h == "reddit.com" {
-        "reddit.com".to_string()
-    } else {
-        h
-    }
 }
 
 fn normalize_browse_tail(tail: &str) -> String {
@@ -215,7 +164,6 @@ fn normalize_browse_tail(tail: &str) -> String {
     if t.is_empty() {
         return String::new();
     }
-    // Some HTTP stacks collapse `https://` → `https:/` inside a path segment.
     if t.starts_with("https:/") && !t.starts_with("https://") {
         return format!("https://{}", &t[7..]);
     }
@@ -225,33 +173,6 @@ fn normalize_browse_tail(tail: &str) -> String {
     t.to_string()
 }
 
-fn normalize_reddit_host_path(s: &str) -> String {
-    let (host, path) = s.split_once('/').unwrap_or((s, ""));
-    let host = normalize_host(host);
-    if path.is_empty() {
-        host
-    } else {
-        format!("{host}/{path}")
-    }
-}
-
-/// Lowercase subreddit segment, drop listing suffixes, drop title slug after post id.
-fn normalize_reddit_path(path: &str) -> String {
-    let mut parts: Vec<String> = path.split('/').map(str::to_string).collect();
-    if parts.len() >= 3 && parts[1] == "r" {
-        parts[2] = parts[2].to_ascii_lowercase();
-    }
-    if let Some(i) = parts.iter().position(|p| p == "comments") {
-        if parts.len() > i + 2 {
-            parts.truncate(i + 2);
-        }
-    } else if parts.len() > 3 && parts.get(1).map(|s| s.as_str()) == Some("r") {
-        // reddit.com/r/{sub}/hot → reddit.com/r/{sub}
-        parts.truncate(3);
-    }
-    parts.join("/")
-}
-
 impl fmt::Display for ItemId {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
         f.write_str(&self.0)
@@ -268,43 +189,59 @@ mod tests {
             "https://old.reddit.com/r/AmItheAsshole/comments/1trnvdl/aita_for_cancelling/",
         )
         .unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(id.as_str(), "reddit.com/r/amitheasshole/comments/1trnvdl");
+        assert_eq!(
+            id.as_str(),
+            "https://reddit.com/r/amitheasshole/comments/1trnvdl"
+        );
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn from_url_strips_query() {
         let id = ItemId::from_url("https://www.reddit.com/r/rust/?sort=top").unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(id.as_str(), "reddit.com/r/rust");
+        assert_eq!(id.as_str(), "https://reddit.com/r/rust");
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn from_url_short_path() {
         assert_eq!(
             ItemId::from_url("r/rust").unwrap().as_str(),
-            "reddit.com/r/rust"
+            "https://reddit.com/r/rust"
         );
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn parent_of_post_is_subreddit() {
-        let id = ItemId::parse("reddit.com/r/aww/comments/1trnvdl").unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(id.parent().unwrap().as_str(), "reddit.com/r/aww");
+        let id = ItemId::from_url("https://reddit.com/r/aww/comments/1trnvdl").unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(id.parent().unwrap().as_str(), "https://reddit.com/r/aww");
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn parent_of_subreddit_is_r_segment() {
-        let id = ItemId::parse("reddit.com/r/movies").unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(id.parent().unwrap().as_str(), "reddit.com/r");
+        let id = ItemId::from_url("https://reddit.com/r/movies").unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(id.parent().unwrap().as_str(), "https://reddit.com/r");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn breadcrumb_paths_skip_phantom_comments() {
+        let id = ItemId::from_url("https://reddit.com/r/aww/comments/1trnvdl").unwrap();
+        let crumbs = id.breadcrumb_paths();
+        let paths: Vec<_> = crumbs.iter().map(|p| p.as_str()).collect();
+        assert!(!paths.iter().any(|p| p.ends_with("/comments")));
+        assert!(paths.contains(&"https://reddit.com/r/aww"));
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn breadcrumb_paths() {
-        let id = ItemId::parse("reddit.com/r/movies").unwrap();
+    fn breadcrumb_paths_subreddit() {
+        let id = ItemId::from_url("https://reddit.com/r/movies").unwrap();
         let crumbs = id.breadcrumb_paths();
         let paths: Vec<_> = crumbs.iter().map(|p| p.as_str()).collect();
         assert_eq!(
             paths,
-            vec!["reddit.com", "reddit.com/r", "reddit.com/r/movies"]
+            vec![
+                "https://reddit.com",
+                "https://reddit.com/r",
+                "https://reddit.com/r/movies"
+            ]
         );
     }
 
@@ -312,33 +249,33 @@ mod tests {
     fn legacy_scope_maps_to_reddit_sub() {
         assert_eq!(
             ItemId::from_legacy_scope("rust").as_str(),
-            "reddit.com/r/rust"
+            "https://reddit.com/r/rust"
         );
         assert!(ItemId::from_legacy_scope("").is_root());
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn browse_href_wraps_canonical_path() {
-        let id = ItemId::parse("reddit.com/r/rust").unwrap();
+    fn browse_href_wraps_canonical_url() {
+        let id = ItemId::from_url("https://reddit.com/r/rust").unwrap();
         assert_eq!(id.browse_href(), "/~/https://reddit.com/r/rust");
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn from_browse_tail_parses_full_url() {
         let id = ItemId::from_browse_tail("https://reddit.com/r/AmITheAsshole");
-        assert_eq!(id.as_str(), "reddit.com/r/amitheasshole");
+        assert_eq!(id.as_str(), "https://reddit.com/r/amitheasshole");
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn from_storage_strips_post_title_slug() {
         let id =
             ItemId::from_storage("reddit.com/r/rust/comments/aaa/announcing_rust_199").unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(id.as_str(), "reddit.com/r/rust/comments/aaa");
+        assert_eq!(id.as_str(), "https://reddit.com/r/rust/comments/aaa");
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn from_browse_uri_strips_prefix() {
         let id = ItemId::from_browse_uri("/~/https://reddit.com/r/rust").unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(id.as_str(), "reddit.com/r/rust");
+        assert_eq!(id.as_str(), "https://reddit.com/r/rust");
     }
 }
diff --git a/server/src/projection_apply.rs b/server/src/projection_apply.rs
index ebe122e417bda1d9369a53443de93d28213c5a0d..5644557a41b3e9497c7421b444155ae629fa79f1 100644
--- a/server/src/projection_apply.rs
+++ b/server/src/projection_apply.rs
@@ -19,13 +19,21 @@ use crate::{
     storage_schema::{ensure_path_writes, entity_view_writes, vote_writes},
 };
 
-/// Legacy-compatible scope parsing for persisted vote events.
+fn parse_event_id(id: &str) -> Result<ItemId, EventLogError> {
+    ItemId::from_storage(id)
+        .or_else(|| ItemId::parse(id))
+        .ok_or_else(|| EventLogError::Apply(format!("invalid id: {id}")))
+}
+
+/// Scope key from a vote event (canonicalized at apply time).
 fn parent_from_event_scope(scope: &str) -> ItemId {
-    if scope.contains('/') {
-        ItemId::parse(scope).unwrap_or_else(|| ItemId::from_legacy_scope(scope))
-    } else {
-        ItemId::from_legacy_scope(scope)
+    let s = scope.trim();
+    if s.is_empty() {
+        return ItemId::root();
     }
+    ItemId::from_storage(s)
+        .or_else(|| ItemId::parse(s))
+        .unwrap_or_else(|| ItemId::from_legacy_scope(s))
 }
 
 pub fn apply_records(
@@ -68,15 +76,11 @@ pub fn apply_records(
                 vote_parents.insert(parent);
             }
             Event::NodeEnsured { id } => {
-                let parsed = ItemId::parse(id)
-                    .or_else(|| ItemId::from_url(id))
-                    .ok_or_else(|| EventLogError::Apply(format!("invalid node id: {id}")))?;
+                let parsed = parse_event_id(id)?;
                 ensure_path_writes(&mut batch, &parsed);
             }
             Event::EntityImported { id, payload, .. } => {
-                let parsed = ItemId::parse(id)
-                    .or_else(|| ItemId::from_url(id))
-                    .ok_or_else(|| EventLogError::Apply(format!("invalid entity id: {id}")))?;
+                let parsed = parse_event_id(id)?;
                 let view = entity_view_from_payload(&parsed, payload);
                 entity_view_writes(&mut batch, &parsed, view.as_ref());
                 entity_store
@@ -92,7 +96,6 @@ pub fn apply_records(
         .commit_with(durable::Durability::DisableWal)
         .map_err(|e| EventLogError::Apply(e.to_string()))?;
 
-    // Cap recent-vote windows (idempotent, blind; not part of the cursor batch).
     for parent in vote_parents {
         projection_store
             .trim_recent_votes(&parent)
diff --git a/server/src/reddit.rs b/server/src/reddit.rs
index 72caf7c33b9dd44ea15b62b59e91227cf96a3431..20b7f9e3f8be39268a1767d09f5cf81eaa6ae0df 100644
--- a/server/src/reddit.rs
+++ b/server/src/reddit.rs
@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ pub fn entity_view_from_payload(
     id: &ItemId,
     payload: &Value,
 ) -> Option<crate::reducer::EntityData> {
-    if id.as_str().starts_with("reddit.com") {
+    if id.as_str().contains("reddit.com") {
         return parse_reddit_view(id, payload);
     }
     None
@@ -495,41 +495,59 @@ fn rate_limit_reset_secs(resp: &reqwest::Response) -> u64 {
         .unwrap_or(5)
 }
 
+fn reddit_path_segments(id: &ItemId) -> Option<Vec<String>> {
+    let s = id.as_str();
+    let rest = s
+        .strip_prefix("https://reddit.com/")
+        .or_else(|| s.strip_prefix("http://reddit.com/"))
+        .or_else(|| s.strip_prefix("reddit.com/"))?;
+    let segments: Vec<String> = rest
+        .split('/')
+        .filter(|p| !p.is_empty())
+        .map(str::to_string)
+        .collect();
+    Some(segments)
+}
+
 pub fn map_item_to_reddit_api(id: &ItemId, api_base: &str) -> String {
-    let path = id.as_str();
-    if !path.starts_with("reddit.com/") && path != "reddit.com" {
-        return String::new();
-    }
+    let segments = match reddit_path_segments(id) {
+        Some(s) => s,
+        None if matches!(
+            id.as_str(),
+            "https://reddit.com" | "http://reddit.com" | "reddit.com"
+        ) =>
+        {
+            return String::new();
+        }
+        None => return String::new(),
+    };
 
     let base = api_base.trim_end_matches('/');
 
-    let segments: Vec<&str> = path.split('/').collect();
-
-    if let Some(i) = segments.iter().position(|&p| p == "comments") {
+    if let Some(i) = segments.iter().position(|p| p == "comments") {
         if segments.len() > i + 1 {
-            let api_path = segments[1..=i + 1].join("/");
+            let api_path = segments[..=i + 1].join("/");
             return format!("{base}/{api_path}.json?raw_json=1");
         }
     }
 
-    if segments.len() == 3 && segments[1] == "r" {
-        return format!("{base}/r/{}/about.json?raw_json=1", segments[2]);
+    if segments.len() == 2 && segments[0] == "r" {
+        return format!("{base}/r/{}/about.json?raw_json=1", segments[1]);
     }
 
     String::new()
 }
 
 /// Listing URL for a node's children. Currently only subreddits
-/// (`reddit.com/r/<sub>` → `/r/<sub>.json`) expose a child listing.
+/// (`https://reddit.com/r/<sub>` → `/r/<sub>.json`) expose a child listing.
 pub fn map_children_url(id: &ItemId, api_base: &str) -> String {
-    let path = id.as_str();
-    if !path.starts_with("reddit.com/") {
-        return String::new();
-    }
+    let segments = match reddit_path_segments(id) {
+        Some(s) => s,
+        None => return String::new(),
+    };
     let base = api_base.trim_end_matches('/');
-    let segments: Vec<&str> = path.split('/').collect();
-    if segments.len() == 3 && segments[1] == "r" {
-        return format!("{base}/r/{}.json?raw_json=1&limit=25", segments[2]);
+    if segments.len() == 2 && segments[0] == "r" {
+        return format!("{base}/r/{}.json?raw_json=1&limit=25", segments[1]);
     }
     String::new()
 }
@@ -548,8 +566,8 @@ fn parse_children(_parent: &ItemId, payload: &Value) -> Vec<(ItemId, Value)> {
             Some(p) if !p.is_empty() => p,
             _ => continue,
         };
-        let path = format!("reddit.com{}", permalink.trim_end_matches('/'));
-        if let Some(id) = ItemId::from_storage(&path) {
+        let raw = format!("https://reddit.com{}", permalink.trim_end_matches('/'));
+        if let Some(id) = ItemId::from_url(&raw) {
             out.push((id, child.clone()));
         }
     }
@@ -683,7 +701,7 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn map_subreddit_about_url() {
-        let id = ItemId::parse("reddit.com/r/rust").unwrap();
+        let id = ItemId::from_url("https://reddit.com/r/rust").unwrap();
         assert_eq!(
             map_item_to_reddit_api(&id, "https://www.reddit.com"),
             "https://www.reddit.com/r/rust/about.json?raw_json=1"
@@ -699,7 +717,8 @@ mod tests {
         let json = include_str!("../../test/fixtures/reddit/r_rust_about.json");
         let v: Value = serde_json::from_str(json).unwrap();
         let entity =
-            entity_view_from_payload(&ItemId::parse("reddit.com/r/rust").unwrap(), &v).unwrap();
+            entity_view_from_payload(&ItemId::from_url("https://reddit.com/r/rust").unwrap(), &v)
+                .unwrap();
         assert_eq!(entity.title, "The Rust Programming Language");
     }
 
@@ -707,7 +726,8 @@ mod tests {
     fn parse_post_listing_extracts_thumb_and_full_preview() {
         let json = include_str!("../../test/fixtures/reddit/post_preview.json");
         let v: Value = serde_json::from_str(json).unwrap();
-        let id = ItemId::parse("reddit.com/r/nsfw/comments/1tpy6a1/angel_eyes").unwrap();
+        let id =
+            ItemId::from_url("https://reddit.com/r/nsfw/comments/1tpy6a1/angel_eyes").unwrap();
         let entity = entity_view_from_payload(&id, &v).unwrap();
         assert_eq!(entity.title, "Angel Eyes");
         assert!(entity.thumb_url.as_ref().unwrap().contains("width=140"));
diff --git a/server/src/reducer.rs b/server/src/reducer.rs
index 6578f64a41726845517cdbf59a359c69e0aa56db..5179ddeca7a7cb0fb92dfc4aa9d5a80bd9125611 100644
--- a/server/src/reducer.rs
+++ b/server/src/reducer.rs
@@ -248,16 +248,18 @@ mod from_recorded_tests {
     #[test]
     fn ensure_path_wires_children() {
         let mut tree = GlobalTree::new();
-        let id = ItemId::parse("reddit.com/r/rust").unwrap();
+        let id = ItemId::from_url("https://reddit.com/r/rust").unwrap();
         tree.ensure_path(&id);
         let root = tree.get(&ItemId::root()).unwrap();
         assert!(root
             .children
-            .contains(&ItemId::parse("reddit.com").unwrap()));
-        let reddit = tree.get(&ItemId::parse("reddit.com").unwrap()).unwrap();
+            .contains(&ItemId::from_url("https://reddit.com").unwrap()));
+        let reddit = tree
+            .get(&ItemId::from_url("https://reddit.com").unwrap())
+            .unwrap();
         assert!(reddit
             .children
-            .contains(&ItemId::parse("reddit.com/r").unwrap()));
+            .contains(&ItemId::from_url("https://reddit.com/r").unwrap()));
         let sub = tree.get(&id).unwrap();
         assert_eq!(sub.id, id);
     }
diff --git a/server/src/render/reddit.rs b/server/src/render/reddit.rs
index 7f840aa33b734a31d8cf3341a0581c8bcb9bbcf3..595e202436040b0bfc419e68f083f94757ba5d0c 100644
--- a/server/src/render/reddit.rs
+++ b/server/src/render/reddit.rs
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ use crate::{
 };
 
 pub fn is_reddit_post(id: &ItemId) -> bool {
-    id.as_str().starts_with("reddit.com/") && id.as_str().contains("/comments/")
+    id.as_str().contains("reddit.com/") && id.as_str().contains("/comments/")
 }
 
 /// Post detail card (inside [`crate::fetch::html::entity_panel`]).
diff --git a/server/src/state.rs b/server/src/state.rs
index 78126f08d90f8069a586279d79258c27a9f9f7a4..513b329ef45fc332e63b3f8ed8498a1f59feb07c 100644
--- a/server/src/state.rs
+++ b/server/src/state.rs
@@ -217,15 +217,21 @@ impl AppState {
         ratio_right: i32,
     ) -> Result<(), String> {
         let ts = crate::html::now_ms();
-        let vote = VoteData::from_recorded(ts, a, b, ratio_left, ratio_right)
-            .ok_or_else(|| "invalid vote: need two distinct non-empty items".to_string())?;
+        let a_raw = a.trim();
+        let b_raw = b.trim();
+        if a_raw.is_empty() || b_raw.is_empty() || a_raw == b_raw {
+            return Err("invalid vote: need two distinct non-empty items".to_string());
+        }
+        // Validate items canonicalize (or are opaque keys) before append.
+        let _ = VoteData::from_recorded(ts, a_raw, b_raw, ratio_left, ratio_right)
+            .ok_or_else(|| "invalid vote: need two distinct parseable items".to_string())?;
 
         let event = Event::VoteRecorded {
             ts,
-            a: vote.a.as_str().to_string(),
-            b: vote.b.as_str().to_string(),
-            ratio_left: vote.ratio_left,
-            ratio_right: vote.ratio_right,
+            a: a_raw.to_string(),
+            b: b_raw.to_string(),
+            ratio_left,
+            ratio_right,
             scope: parent.as_str().to_string(),
         };
 
@@ -253,7 +259,7 @@ mod tests {
         let log = EventLog::new(log_path.to_string_lossy().into_owned());
         let payload = json!({"kind":"t5","data":{"title":"Rust","display_name":"rust"}});
         let event = Event::EntityImported {
-            id: "reddit.com/r/rust".into(),
+            id: "https://reddit.com/r/rust".into(),
             ts: 1,
             payload: payload.clone(),
         };
@@ -266,14 +272,14 @@ mod tests {
             .await
             .unwrap();
         let tree = projection_store
-            .scope_tree(&ItemId::parse("reddit.com/r/rust").unwrap())
+            .scope_tree(&ItemId::parse("https://reddit.com/r/rust").unwrap())
             .unwrap();
         let node = tree
-            .get(&ItemId::parse("reddit.com/r/rust").unwrap())
+            .get(&ItemId::parse("https://reddit.com/r/rust").unwrap())
             .unwrap();
         assert_eq!(node.data.as_ref().unwrap().title, "Rust");
         let stored = entity_store
-            .get(&ItemId::parse("reddit.com/r/rust").unwrap())
+            .get(&ItemId::parse("https://reddit.com/r/rust").unwrap())
             .unwrap()
             .unwrap();
         assert_eq!(stored["data"]["display_name"], "rust");
@@ -289,13 +295,13 @@ mod tests {
             event_record(
                 1,
                 Event::NodeEnsured {
-                    id: "reddit.com/r/rust".into(),
+                    id: "https://reddit.com/r/rust".into(),
                 },
             ),
             event_record(
                 2,
                 Event::EntityImported {
-                    id: "reddit.com/r/rust".into(),
+                    id: "https://reddit.com/r/rust".into(),
                     ts: 2,
                     payload: payload.clone(),
                 },
@@ -325,7 +331,7 @@ mod tests {
                 &[event_record(
                     1,
                     Event::NodeEnsured {
-                        id: "reddit.com/r/stale".into(),
+                        id: "https://reddit.com/r/stale".into(),
                     },
                 )],
             )
@@ -352,11 +358,11 @@ mod tests {
         let root = tree.get(&ItemId::root()).unwrap();
         assert!(root.children.contains(&ItemId::parse("alpha").unwrap()));
         assert!(projection_store
-            .load_node(&ItemId::parse("reddit.com/r/stale").unwrap())
+            .load_node(&ItemId::parse("https://reddit.com/r/stale").unwrap())
             .unwrap()
             .is_none());
         let stored = entity_store
-            .get(&ItemId::parse("reddit.com/r/rust").unwrap())
+            .get(&ItemId::parse("https://reddit.com/r/rust").unwrap())
             .unwrap()
             .unwrap();
         assert_eq!(stored["data"]["display_name"], "rust");
@@ -370,7 +376,7 @@ mod tests {
         log.append(&event_record(
             1,
             Event::NodeEnsured {
-                id: "reddit.com/r/rust".into(),
+                id: "https://reddit.com/r/rust".into(),
             },
         ))
         .await
@@ -387,7 +393,7 @@ mod tests {
                 &[event_record(
                     2,
                     Event::NodeEnsured {
-                        id: "reddit.com/r/rust".into(),
+                        id: "https://reddit.com/r/rust".into(),
                     },
                 )],
             )
@@ -454,7 +460,7 @@ mod tests {
             port: 0,
         })
         .await;
-        let id = ItemId::parse("reddit.com/r/rust").unwrap();
+        let id = ItemId::parse("https://reddit.com/r/rust").unwrap();
 
         state.ensure_node(&id).await.unwrap();
 
@@ -465,11 +471,11 @@ mod tests {
         let projected = state.projection_store.load_tree().unwrap();
         assert!(projected.get(&id).is_some());
         let reddit = projected
-            .get(&ItemId::parse("reddit.com").unwrap())
+            .get(&ItemId::from_url("https://reddit.com").unwrap())
             .unwrap();
         assert!(reddit
             .children
-            .contains(&ItemId::parse("reddit.com/r").unwrap()));
+            .contains(&ItemId::from_url("https://reddit.com/r").unwrap()));
     }
 
     #[tokio::test]
@@ -510,7 +516,7 @@ mod tests {
         log.append(&event_record(
             1,
             Event::NodeEnsured {
-                id: "reddit.com/r/rust".into(),
+                id: "https://reddit.com/r/rust".into(),
             },
         ))
         .await
@@ -518,7 +524,7 @@ mod tests {
         log.append(&event_record(
             2,
             Event::NodeEnsured {
-                id: "reddit.com/r/python".into(),
+                id: "https://reddit.com/r/python".into(),
             },
         ))
         .await
@@ -544,13 +550,13 @@ mod tests {
             2
         );
         let tree = second
-            .scope_tree(&ItemId::parse("reddit.com/r/rust").unwrap())
+            .scope_tree(&ItemId::parse("https://reddit.com/r/rust").unwrap())
             .unwrap();
         assert!(tree
-            .get(&ItemId::parse("reddit.com/r/rust").unwrap())
+            .get(&ItemId::parse("https://reddit.com/r/rust").unwrap())
             .is_some());
         assert!(tree
-            .get(&ItemId::parse("reddit.com/r/python").unwrap())
+            .get(&ItemId::parse("https://reddit.com/r/python").unwrap())
             .is_none());
     }
 
@@ -611,7 +617,7 @@ mod tests {
     #[test]
     fn parse_item_param_from_url() {
         let id = parse_item_param("https://reddit.com/r/rust");
-        assert_eq!(id.as_str(), "reddit.com/r/rust");
+        assert_eq!(id.as_str(), "https://reddit.com/r/rust");
     }
 
     #[test]
diff --git a/server/src/url_rules/engine.rs b/server/src/url_rules/engine.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e29b6b48c08deb7bffe031b1e542b1e25a7bef15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/server/src/url_rules/engine.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+//! Composable URL normalization primitives.
+
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+
+use url::Url;
+
+/// Mutable URL view used by rule combinators before serializing to a canonical string.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct ParsedUrl {
+    pub scheme: String,
+    pub host: String,
+    pub path_segments: Vec<String>,
+    pub query: HashMap<String, String>,
+    pub fragment: Option<String>,
+}
+
+impl ParsedUrl {
+    pub fn parse(raw: &str) -> Option<Self> {
+        let trimmed = raw.trim();
+        if trimmed.is_empty() {
+            return None;
+        }
+
+        let with_scheme = if trimmed.contains("://") {
+            trimmed.to_string()
+        } else if trimmed.starts_with("r/") || trimmed.starts_with("/r/") {
+            let rest = trimmed.trim_start_matches('/').trim_start_matches("r/");
+            format!("https://reddit.com/r/{rest}")
+        } else if trimmed.contains('.') && !trimmed.starts_with('/') {
+            format!("https://{trimmed}")
+        } else {
+            trimmed.to_string()
+        };
+
+        let url = Url::parse(&with_scheme).ok()?;
+        let host = url.host_str()?.to_string();
+        let path_segments: Vec<String> = url
+            .path_segments()
+            .map(|segs| segs.filter(|s| !s.is_empty()).map(str::to_string).collect())
+            .unwrap_or_default();
+
+        let mut query = HashMap::new();
+        for (k, v) in url.query_pairs() {
+            query.insert(k.into_owned(), v.into_owned());
+        }
+
+        Some(Self {
+            scheme: url.scheme().to_string(),
+            path_segments,
+            query,
+            fragment: url.fragment().map(str::to_string),
+            host,
+        })
+    }
+
+    pub fn with_path_segments(&self, segments: &[String]) -> Self {
+        let mut u = self.clone();
+        u.path_segments = segments.to_vec();
+        u
+    }
+
+    pub fn to_url(&self) -> Option<Url> {
+        let mut url = if self.path_segments.is_empty() {
+            Url::parse(&format!("{}://{}", self.scheme, self.host)).ok()?
+        } else {
+            let path = format!("/{}", self.path_segments.join("/"));
+            Url::parse(&format!("{}://{}{}", self.scheme, self.host, path)).ok()?
+        };
+        if !self.query.is_empty() {
+            let mut pairs: Vec<_> = self.query.iter().collect();
+            pairs.sort_by(|a, b| a.0.cmp(b.0));
+            url.query_pairs_mut().clear();
+            for (k, v) in pairs {
+                url.query_pairs_mut().append_pair(k, v);
+            }
+        }
+        if let Some(ref frag) = self.fragment {
+            url.set_fragment(Some(frag));
+        }
+        Some(url)
+    }
+
+    pub fn canonical_string(&self) -> Option<String> {
+        let url = self.to_url()?;
+        let mut s = url.to_string();
+        if self.path_segments.is_empty() {
+            s = s.trim_end_matches('/').to_string();
+        }
+        Some(s)
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn force_https(u: &mut ParsedUrl) {
+    if u.scheme == "http" {
+        u.scheme = "https".to_string();
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn drop_fragment(u: &mut ParsedUrl) {
+    u.fragment = None;
+}
+
+pub fn strip_www(u: &mut ParsedUrl) {
+    if u.host.starts_with("www.") {
+        u.host = u.host[4..].to_string();
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn lowercase_host(u: &mut ParsedUrl) {
+    u.host = u.host.to_ascii_lowercase();
+}
+
+pub fn lowercase_path(u: &mut ParsedUrl) {
+    for seg in &mut u.path_segments {
+        *seg = seg.to_ascii_lowercase();
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn clear_query(u: &mut ParsedUrl) {
+    u.query.clear();
+}
+
+pub fn keep_only_query(u: &mut ParsedUrl, keys: &[&str]) {
+    u.query
+        .retain(|k, _| keys.iter().any(|want| want == &k.as_str()));
+}
+
+pub fn strip_tracking_params(u: &mut ParsedUrl) {
+    u.query.retain(|k, _| {
+        let lower = k.to_ascii_lowercase();
+        !(lower.starts_with("utm_")
+            || matches!(
+                lower.as_str(),
+                "fbclid" | "gclid" | "ref" | "ref_src" | "ref_source" | "mc_cid" | "mc_eid"
+            ))
+    });
+}
+
+pub fn truncate_after_segment(u: &mut ParsedUrl, name: &str, keep: usize) {
+    if let Some(i) = u.path_segments.iter().position(|s| s == name) {
+        let end = (i + 1 + keep).min(u.path_segments.len());
+        u.path_segments.truncate(end);
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn drop_listing_suffix(u: &mut ParsedUrl, suffixes: &[&str]) {
+    if u.path_segments.len() >= 3 && u.path_segments.first().map(String::as_str) == Some("r") {
+        if let Some(last) = u.path_segments.last() {
+            if suffixes.iter().any(|s| *s == last.as_str()) {
+                u.path_segments.pop();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn normalize_reddit_host(u: &mut ParsedUrl) {
+    if matches!(
+        u.host.as_str(),
+        "old.reddit.com" | "new.reddit.com" | "www.reddit.com"
+    ) {
+        u.host = "reddit.com".to_string();
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn rewrite_youtu_be(u: &mut ParsedUrl) {
+    if u.host == "youtu.be" && u.path_segments.len() == 1 {
+        let id = u.path_segments[0].clone();
+        u.host = "youtube.com".to_string();
+        u.path_segments = vec!["watch".to_string()];
+        u.query.insert("v".to_string(), id);
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn rewrite_youtube_shorts(u: &mut ParsedUrl) {
+    if u.host == "youtube.com" && u.path_segments.first().map(String::as_str) == Some("shorts") {
+        if let Some(id) = u.path_segments.get(1).cloned() {
+            u.path_segments = vec!["watch".to_string()];
+            u.query.insert("v".to_string(), id);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn normalize_youtube_host(u: &mut ParsedUrl) {
+    if matches!(u.host.as_str(), "m.youtube.com" | "www.youtube.com") {
+        u.host = "youtube.com".to_string();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/server/src/url_rules/mod.rs b/server/src/url_rules/mod.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..03d53bd3e82d704a01ba3fd8dd02b7d31422c0de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/server/src/url_rules/mod.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+//! URL canonicalization and hierarchy rules for [`crate::path_types::ItemId`].
+
+mod engine;
+mod registry;
+
+pub use registry::{
+    canonicalize_raw, looks_like_url, navigable_breadcrumbs, parent_url, resolve_id, CanonicalResult,
+};
+
+/// Resolve raw input to canonical URL.
+pub fn resolve_canonical(raw: &str) -> Option<String> {
+    canonicalize_raw(raw.trim()).map(|r| r.canonical)
+}
diff --git a/server/src/url_rules/registry.rs b/server/src/url_rules/registry.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..14514e9af8385fb2b9b2f35eb9ee14d453d4b97c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/server/src/url_rules/registry.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,235 @@
+//! Per-domain canonicalization and hierarchy rules.
+
+use std::collections::HashSet;
+
+use super::engine::{
+    clear_query, drop_fragment, drop_listing_suffix, force_https, keep_only_query, lowercase_host,
+    lowercase_path, normalize_reddit_host, normalize_youtube_host, rewrite_youtu_be,
+    rewrite_youtube_shorts, strip_tracking_params, strip_www, truncate_after_segment, ParsedUrl,
+};
+
+/// Result of canonicalizing a raw URL string.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct CanonicalResult {
+    pub canonical: String,
+    /// When the input normalizes to a different string, the original is an alias.
+    pub alias_of: Option<String>,
+}
+
+fn apply_global(u: &mut ParsedUrl) {
+    force_https(u);
+    drop_fragment(u);
+    strip_www(u);
+    lowercase_host(u);
+    strip_tracking_params(u);
+}
+
+fn normalize_reddit(u: &mut ParsedUrl) {
+    normalize_reddit_host(u);
+    lowercase_path(u);
+    truncate_after_segment(u, "comments", 1);
+    drop_listing_suffix(u, &["hot", "top", "new", "rising", "controversial"]);
+    clear_query(u);
+}
+
+fn normalize_youtube(u: &mut ParsedUrl) {
+    rewrite_youtu_be(u);
+    normalize_youtube_host(u);
+    rewrite_youtube_shorts(u);
+    keep_only_query(u, &["v", "list"]);
+}
+
+fn normalize_default(_u: &mut ParsedUrl) {
+    // Global rules only.
+}
+
+fn domain_key(host: &str) -> &'static str {
+    if host == "reddit.com" || host.ends_with(".reddit.com") {
+        "reddit.com"
+    } else if host == "youtube.com" || host == "youtu.be" {
+        "youtube.com"
+    } else {
+        "default"
+    }
+}
+
+fn normalize_for_host(u: &mut ParsedUrl) {
+    apply_global(u);
+    match domain_key(&u.host) {
+        "reddit.com" => normalize_reddit(u),
+        "youtube.com" => normalize_youtube(u),
+        _ => normalize_default(u),
+    }
+}
+
+/// Structural path segments that must not become standalone tree nodes when more path follows.
+fn structural_trailing(host: &str) -> &'static [&'static str] {
+    match domain_key(host) {
+        "reddit.com" => &["comments"],
+        _ => &[],
+    }
+}
+
+/// Canonicalize a raw URL. Returns `None` if the input is not URL-like.
+pub fn canonicalize_raw(raw: &str) -> Option<CanonicalResult> {
+    let trimmed = raw.trim();
+    if trimmed.is_empty() {
+        return None;
+    }
+    let mut u = ParsedUrl::parse(trimmed)?;
+    let input_snapshot = u.canonical_string()?;
+    normalize_for_host(&mut u);
+    let canonical = u.canonical_string()?;
+    let alias_of = if input_snapshot != canonical {
+        Some(trimmed.to_string())
+    } else {
+        None
+    };
+    Some(CanonicalResult {
+        canonical,
+        alias_of,
+    })
+}
+
+/// Resolve a stored or event id string to its canonical URL identity.
+pub fn resolve_id(raw: &str) -> Option<String> {
+    canonicalize_raw(raw).map(|r| r.canonical)
+}
+
+/// Navigable ancestor URLs from domain root up to and including `canonical` (full URLs).
+pub fn navigable_breadcrumbs(canonical: &str) -> Vec<String> {
+    let Some(u) = ParsedUrl::parse(canonical) else {
+        return vec![canonical.to_string()];
+    };
+    let structural: HashSet<&str> = structural_trailing(&u.host).iter().copied().collect();
+    let n = u.path_segments.len();
+    let mut out = Vec::new();
+
+    // Domain root (no path segments).
+    if let Some(base) = u.with_path_segments(&[]).canonical_string() {
+        out.push(base);
+    }
+
+    for i in 0..n {
+        let segs: Vec<String> = u.path_segments[..=i].to_vec();
+        let is_last = i == n - 1;
+        let seg = u.path_segments[i].as_str();
+        if structural.contains(seg) && !is_last {
+            continue;
+        }
+        if let Some(url) = u.with_path_segments(&segs).canonical_string() {
+            if out.last() != Some(&url) {
+                out.push(url);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    out
+}
+
+/// Immediate parent scope URL, or `None` for tree root / opaque single-segment ids.
+pub fn parent_url(canonical: &str) -> Option<String> {
+    let crumbs = navigable_breadcrumbs(canonical);
+    if crumbs.len() <= 1 {
+        None
+    } else {
+        crumbs.get(crumbs.len() - 2).cloned()
+    }
+}
+
+/// True when `raw` looks like a URL (has scheme or host-like shape).
+pub fn looks_like_url(raw: &str) -> bool {
+    let t = raw.trim();
+    t.contains("://")
+        || t.starts_with("r/")
+        || t.starts_with("/r/")
+        || (t.contains('.') && t.contains('/'))
+        || t.starts_with("reddit.com")
+        || t.starts_with("www.")
+        || t.starts_with("youtu.be/")
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn reddit_post_drops_slug_and_normalizes_host() {
+        let r = canonicalize_raw(
+            "https://old.reddit.com/r/AmItheAsshole/comments/1trnvdl/aita_for_cancelling/",
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(
+            r.canonical,
+            "https://reddit.com/r/amitheasshole/comments/1trnvdl"
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn reddit_strips_query_and_listing() {
+        assert_eq!(
+            canonicalize_raw("https://www.reddit.com/r/rust/?sort=top")
+                .unwrap()
+                .canonical,
+            "https://reddit.com/r/rust"
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            canonicalize_raw("https://www.reddit.com/r/programming/hot")
+                .unwrap()
+                .canonical,
+            "https://reddit.com/r/programming"
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn reddit_short_path() {
+        assert_eq!(
+            canonicalize_raw("r/rust").unwrap().canonical,
+            "https://reddit.com/r/rust"
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn reddit_breadcrumbs_skip_phantom_comments() {
+        let post = "https://reddit.com/r/aww/comments/1trnvdl";
+        let crumbs = navigable_breadcrumbs(post);
+        assert!(!crumbs.iter().any(|c| c.ends_with("/comments")));
+        assert_eq!(
+            crumbs.last().map(String::as_str),
+            Some(post)
+        );
+        assert!(crumbs.contains(&"https://reddit.com/r/aww".to_string()));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn reddit_parent_of_post_is_subreddit() {
+        assert_eq!(
+            parent_url("https://reddit.com/r/aww/comments/1trnvdl").as_deref(),
+            Some("https://reddit.com/r/aww")
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn youtube_youtu_be_and_watch_same_canonical() {
+        let a = canonicalize_raw("https://youtu.be/dQw4w9WgXcQ").unwrap().canonical;
+        let b = canonicalize_raw("https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dQw4w9WgXcQ&t=10").unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(a, b.canonical);
+        assert_eq!(a, "https://youtube.com/watch?v=dQw4w9WgXcQ");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn legacy_schemeless_upgrades() {
+        assert_eq!(
+            canonicalize_raw("reddit.com/r/rust/comments/aaa/announcing_rust_199")
+                .unwrap()
+                .canonical,
+            "https://reddit.com/r/rust/comments/aaa"
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn alias_recorded_when_input_differs() {
+        let r = canonicalize_raw("https://youtu.be/abc123").unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(r.canonical, "https://youtube.com/watch?v=abc123");
+        assert!(r.alias_of.is_some());
+    }
+}


Side B — contributor: tommy-mor
Side B — commit message:
[3b3d5873] item refactor

Side B — unified diff (full patch):
diff --git a/plan.md b/plan.md
deleted file mode 100644
index 00d6867a1e0ed144a16a020ea037f685ce646c73..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--- a/plan.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,155 +0,0 @@
-# Plan: `ItemId` + `RouteContext` (identity vs hrefs)
-
-This document is for **the next agent** to continue the refactor without re-deriving context from chat. It supersedes ad-hoc notes: treat it as the checklist of record until the work lands and this file is deleted or trimmed.
-
-## Goal
-
-- **Identity** (what lives in the reducer graph, votes, indexes) becomes a **structural `ItemId` enum** in `slug-types`, not a canonical `String` / `CanonicalItemUrl` newtype.
-- **Presentation** (tilde / dash display, breadcrumbs) derives from `ItemId` via explicit methods, not string stripping.
-- **Routing** (browser `href`s for public vs room) goes through **`RouteContext`** (started in `server/src/html/routing.rs`) so Maud/handlers do not stitch `/r/…` vs `/~` ad hoc.
-
-**Non-goals for v1 of the migration:** backward-compatible JSONL or dual-read of old canonical strings in the event log (project has accepted breaking changes). If you reintroduce compat, document it here.
-
-## Current state (as of this plan)
-
-- **`CanonicalItemUrl`** (`types/src/paths.rs`): newtype around `String`; `parse` / `parent` / `display_path` / `tilde_tail` / etc. Reducer `ContentState`, `VoteData`, ranking, RPC, search, garden, breadcrumbs all use it or `String` keys derived from it.
-- **`ThreadNav`** (`server/src/html/forum/nav.rs`): encodes scope prefixes for threads and garden URLs; **`RouteContext`** now wraps `ThreadNav` (`server/src/html/routing.rs`, re-exported from `server/src/html/mod.rs`) but **most HTML still takes `&ThreadNav` directly** — migration incomplete.
-- **URL normalization** lives in `types/src/url_normalize.rs` + `canonicalize_item` / `finalize_external_identity_url` in `paths.rs` (YouTube, sorted query params, room path `room_route_segment` in `paths.rs`).
-- **Room HTTP paths** are `/r/{short}{slug}` (fused segment); wire **`room_id`** remains `short/slug` for RPC/events.
-
-## Target architecture
-
-### `ItemId` (types)
-
-Suggested shape (adjust after profiling `Ord` / `Hash` / serde size):
-
-```text
-ItemId::Root                      — tilde ontology root (today `SLUG_TILDE_ONTOLOGY_ROOT`)
-ItemId::Local { segments }        — slug.social ~/… path as Vec<String> (lowercase segments, non-empty for non-root)
-ItemId::External { url: Url }    — normalized `url::Url` (crate `url` already in `slug-types`)
-```
-
-**API surface (minimum):**
-
-- `ItemId::parse(&str) -> Option<ItemId>` — single entry from DSL / user input / legacy wire (internally may call `canonicalize_item` + structured split).
-- `ItemId::to_wire_url(&self) -> String` — only for **external** boundaries if needed (HTTP fetch, rare assertions); avoid using as the primary key once maps use `ItemId`.
-- `parent`, `display_path`, `tilde_tail` / `tilde_http_tail`, `tilde_segments`, `last_segment`, `normalized_storage` — port from `CanonicalItemUrl`.
-- **`Ord` + `Hash` + `Eq`** stable for `BTreeSet` / `HashMap` (see `write_actor` scope-rank snapshots).
-- **`Serialize` / `Deserialize`** — decide **tagged JSON** for any persisted or API-carried structs (e.g. `VoteData` in tests). If RPC must stay stringy for clients, use a **DTO layer** that converts `ItemId` ↔ wire at the boundary only.
-
-**Remove:** `CanonicalItemUrl` type and all `path_types::CanonicalItemUrl` / `slug_types::paths::CanonicalItemUrl` exports once call sites are migrated. **`Borrow<str>`** on the old newtype goes away; update `nav!` / any code that assumed map keys borrowed as `str`.
-
-### `RouteContext` (server HTML)
-
-- **File:** `server/src/html/routing.rs` — **`RouteContext(ThreadNav)`** with `item_href`, `item_href_raw`, `thread_url`, `garden_root_url`, `room_url`, `From`/`Into` `ThreadNav`.
-- **Direction:** new code and refactored Maud should take **`&RouteContext`** (or owned where appropriate) instead of `&ThreadNav` when building links. Long term, **`item_href(&ItemId)`** should not parse strings — it should pattern-match `ItemId` and append tilde tail or `/-/…` external tail using the same rules as today’s `ThreadNav::garden_item_url`.
-
-### Axum / garden routes
-
-- **No** single catch-all route (explicit decision): keep the existing router layout in `server/src/lib.rs`.
-- Room routes stay **`/r/:room_key/...`** with `room_key` fused; parsing via `slug_types::room_id_from_route_segment` / `room_route_segment` in `paths.rs`.
-
-## Phased execution (recommended order)
-
-### Phase 0 — Preconditions (quick)
-
-1. Read **`AGENTS.md`** (UI contract, durability matrix, `RpcCommand` vs `HtmlUiAction`).
-2. Run **`cargo test --workspace`** and **`./scripts/clj-test.sh`** on clean `main` before large diffs; repeat after each phase.
-
-### Phase 1 — `ItemId` in `slug-types` (no server yet)
-
-1. Add **`ItemId`** (new file e.g. `types/src/item_id.rs` **or** inline at bottom of `paths.rs` — see **Module cycle** below).
-2. Implement **`ItemId::parse`** using existing **`canonicalize_item`** + normalization; port **`CanonicalItemUrl`** methods to **`ItemId`** with tests ported from `paths.rs` `#[cfg(test)] mod tests`.
-3. **`GardenItemUrl::from_stored(&ItemId, room_wire)`** (and thread helpers) — build absolute hrefs from structure, not from re-parsing a canonical string.
-4. **`TildeHttpPathTail::to_item_id`** (rename from `to_canonical`) / **`tilde_http_path_to_item_id`**.
-5. **`TildeOntologyPath::from_stored(&ItemId)`**.
-6. Export **`ItemId`** from **`types/src/lib.rs`**; update **`server/src/path_types.rs`** re-exports.
-7. **Delete `CanonicalItemUrl`** and fix all **in-crate** references in `types` only until `cargo test` passes for `slug-types`.
-
-**Module cycle trap:** `item_id.rs` must not `use crate::paths::{...}` if `paths.rs` also imports `ItemId` for `GardenItemUrl` in the same module. **Fix one of:**
-
-- **A)** Put `ItemId` **inside `paths.rs`** below `canonicalize_item` / helpers (simplest, large file), or  
-- **B)** Split **`canonicalize_item`** (+ dash host helpers + `finalize_external_identity_url`) into **`types/src/item_wire.rs`**, then `paths.rs` + `item_id.rs` both depend on `item_wire` only (cleaner, more files).
-
-### Phase 2 — Reducer + ranking (server core)
-
-1. **`server/src/reducer.rs`**: `ContentState` / `GroupState` / **`VoteData`** — replace **`CanonicalItemUrl`** with **`ItemId`** on all maps, sets, deques, vectors.
-2. **`apply_vote`**: normalize `a`/`b` via **`ItemId::parse`** or **`ItemId`**-aware logic (remove string round-trip).
-3. **`apply_ingest_to_content`**: **`dsl`** still yields strings for item titles in statements; normalize to **`ItemId`** at ingest boundary via **`ItemId::parse`** once per item.
-4. **`server/src/ranking.rs`**, **`server/src/scope_rank.rs`**, **`server/src/api/write_actor.rs`** (including **`BTreeSet`** ordering), **`server/src/api/validate.rs`**, **`server/src/api/helpers.rs`** — propagate **`ItemId`**.
-5. **`server/tests/basic.rs`** and any reducer tests constructing **`VoteData`** — use **`ItemId::parse(...).unwrap()`** or helpers.
-
-### Phase 3 — RPC + search + external resolver
-
-1. **`server/src/api/rpc.rs`**: rank/pair/matchup/search payloads; today many paths use **`GardenItemUrl::from_storage_str(item.as_str(), …)`** — switch to **`ItemId`** + **`GardenItemUrl::from_stored(&item_id, …)`** (or equivalent).
-2. **`server/src/html/search.rs`**: scoring uses item path strings — derive from **`ItemId::display_path`** / **`to_wire_url`** only at the scoring boundary if needed.
-3. **`server/src/external_resolver.rs`**: take **`&ItemId`** or **`ItemId::external_url()`** instead of **`&CanonicalItemUrl`**.
-
-### Phase 4 — HTML / Maud
-
-1. **`ThreadNav::garden_item_url`**: overload or replace with **`garden_item_href(&self, item: &ItemId)`** (no `CanonicalItemUrl::parse` inside).
-2. **`RouteContext`**: extend **`item_href(&ItemId)`**; migrate call sites from **`ThreadNav`** to **`RouteContext`** where only link-building is needed (keep **`ThreadNav`** where scope / auth helpers need the full struct).
-3. **`server/src/html/garden.rs`**, **`breadcrumb_path.rs`**, **`forum/*`**, **`editor.rs`**: replace **`CanonicalItemUrl`** with **`ItemId`**; breadcrumbs should walk **`ItemId::parent`** without string `rsplit`.
-4. **`types` JSON types** (`RankRow`, etc.): decide whether **`GardenItemUrl`** stays string for JSON or becomes a structured field; keep **one** wire format for the public API.
-
-### Phase 5 — Cleanup + docs
-
-1. Remove dead **`canonical_path`** / **`breadcrumb_path`** string logic if fully superseded.
-2. Update **`AGENTS.md`** if durability, `POST /ui`, or command surfaces change.
-3. Delete or shrink **`plan.md`** when done.
-
-## File / symbol checklist (non-exhaustive — grep-driven)
-
-Run periodically:
-
-```bash
-rg "CanonicalItemUrl" -g'*.rs'
-rg "path_types::CanonicalItemUrl" -g'*.rs'
-rg "tilde_http_path_to_canonical" -g'*.rs'
-```
-
-**High-touch files (from prior exploration):**
-
-| Area | Files |
-|------|--------|
-| Types | `types/src/paths.rs`, `types/src/lib.rs`, `types/src/url_normalize.rs`, (optional) `types/src/item_id.rs`, `types/src/item_wire.rs` |
-| Server re-exports | `server/src/path_types.rs`, `server/src/canonical_path.rs` |
-| Reducer / ingest | `server/src/reducer.rs`, `server/src/dsl.rs` (parse output types if changed) |
-| Ranking | `server/src/ranking.rs`, `server/src/scope_rank.rs` |
-| Writer / RPC | `server/src/api/write_actor.rs`, `server/src/api/rpc.rs`, `server/src/api/helpers.rs`, `server/src/api/validate.rs` |
-| HTML | `server/src/html/garden.rs`, `server/src/html/breadcrumb_path.rs`, `server/src/html/forum/nav.rs`, `server/src/html/routing.rs`, `server/src/html/search.rs`, `server/src/html/editor.rs`, `server/src/html/forum/ingest.rs`, … |
-| Tests | `server/tests/basic.rs`, `server/tests/integration.rs`, `types/src/paths.rs` tests, Clojure under `test/` if URLs/assertions mention canonical shapes |
-
-## Events / JSONL
-
-- **`Ingest`** events store **`raw` DSL** only — no change required for item identity inside the event.
-- If any future event type stores item ids as strings, migrate to **structured `ItemId` serde** or accept string only at the event boundary with immediate parse into **`ItemId`** on `apply_event`.
-
-## `nav!` macro (`server/src/paths.rs`)
-
-- Macros use **`keypath($key)`** with **`.clone()`** — **`ItemId`** must be **`Clone`** (already for enums). Remove any reliance on **`Borrow<str>`** for map keys.
-
-## Testing gate
-
-After each phase:
-
-```bash
-cargo test --workspace
-./scripts/clj-test.sh
-```
-
-## Risks / gotchas
-
-1. **`Ord` on `ItemId`**: must match prior **`CanonicalItemUrl`** / `String` ordering wherever **`BTreeSet`** is used (e.g. deterministic scope-rank snapshots in **`write_actor`**).
-2. **External `ItemId`**: **`Url`** equality / hashing — normalization is already centralized in **`url_normalize`**; ensure **`ItemId::parse`** always inserts normalized **`Url`** into **`External`**.
-3. **Fake parent URLs** in garden (e.g. **`https://.`** for external root ranking): find all **`parse("https://.")`** style hacks and express as **`ItemId`** or a dedicated sentinel.
-4. **Serde**: tests and any RPC clients that snapshot JSON may need expectation updates if **`VoteData`** shape changes.
-
-## Optional follow-ups (not blocking `ItemId`)
-
-- More **domain normalizers** in **`url_normalize.rs`** (e.g. `music.youtube.com`, Spotify, etc.).
-- **Room wire** vs **HTTP segment** helpers already in **`paths.rs`** (`ROOM_SHORT_ID_LEN`, `room_route_segment`, `room_id_from_route_segment`).
-
----
-
-**End state criteria:** `rg CanonicalItemUrl` returns nothing; reducer maps use **`ItemId`**; HTML link generation for items goes through **`RouteContext` + `ItemId`**; tests and Kaocha green.
diff --git a/server/src/api/helpers.rs b/server/src/api/helpers.rs
index 1b291db83df7364a026f2e147e0a29a70a399371..8cd23a02fa5219d6aa375e766e6b2bd2c7bb7dfb 100644
--- a/server/src/api/helpers.rs
+++ b/server/src/api/helpers.rs
@@ -4,7 +4,8 @@ use axum::{
     Json,
 };
 use sha2::{Digest, Sha256};
-use slug_types::paths::{CanonicalItemUrl, GardenItemUrl};
+use slug_types::paths::GardenItemUrl;
+use slug_types::ItemId;
 use slug_types::*;
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 
@@ -31,12 +32,12 @@ pub fn now_ms() -> i64 {
 }
 
 /// Resolve DSL/user input to a stored canonical item id.
-pub fn resolve_item(item: &str) -> Result<CanonicalItemUrl, String> {
+pub fn resolve_item(item: &str) -> Result<ItemId, String> {
     let canonical = canonicalize_item(item);
     if canonical.is_empty() {
         return Err(format!("empty item path: `{}`", item));
     }
-    Ok(CanonicalItemUrl(canonical))
+    ItemId::parse(&canonical).ok_or_else(|| format!("invalid item path: `{}`", item))
 }
 
 pub fn parse_parent_specs(parent: Option<&String>) -> Vec<String> {
@@ -94,7 +95,7 @@ pub fn paginate_rankings(
     (out_components, out_unranked)
 }
 
-pub fn pick_random_distinct_canonical(items: &[CanonicalItemUrl]) -> Option<(CanonicalItemUrl, CanonicalItemUrl)> {
+pub fn pick_random_distinct_canonical(items: &[ItemId]) -> Option<(ItemId, ItemId)> {
     use rand::seq::SliceRandom;
     if items.len() < 2 {
         return None;
@@ -115,15 +116,15 @@ pub fn pick_random_distinct_canonical(items: &[CanonicalItemUrl]) -> Option<(Can
 }
 
 pub fn is_pair_voted(group: &crate::reducer::GroupState, a: &str, b: &str) -> bool {
-    let a_key = CanonicalItemUrl(a.to_string());
-    let b_key = CanonicalItemUrl(b.to_string());
+    let a_key = ItemId::parse(a).unwrap_or_else(|| ItemId::opaque(a.to_string()));
+    let b_key = ItemId::parse(b).unwrap_or_else(|| ItemId::opaque(b.to_string()));
     let Some(&a_idx) = group.item_to_idx.get(&a_key) else { return false; };
     let Some(&b_idx) = group.item_to_idx.get(&b_key) else { return false; };
     let (i, j) = if a_idx < b_idx { (a_idx, b_idx) } else { (b_idx, a_idx) };
     group.voted_pairs.contains(&(i, j))
 }
 
-pub fn compute_connectivity_stats(group: &crate::reducer::GroupState, pool: &[CanonicalItemUrl]) -> ConnectivityStats {
+pub fn compute_connectivity_stats(group: &crate::reducer::GroupState, pool: &[ItemId]) -> ConnectivityStats {
     let n = pool.len();
 
     let global_idxs: Vec<Option<usize>> = pool
diff --git a/server/src/api/rpc.rs b/server/src/api/rpc.rs
index 0ff2d701dd1e8661f58abd55672cd91280e9491e..079d96eb6f1d717c203b1d4aec09f3916384b919 100644
--- a/server/src/api/rpc.rs
+++ b/server/src/api/rpc.rs
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ use crate::{
     dsl,
     events::{Event, Ingest, ThreadCapability},
     identity::{parse_agent, parse_username},
-    path_types::CanonicalItemUrl,
+    path_types::ItemId,
     ranking::{connected_components_from_voted_pairs, ranked_items_subset},
     reducer::{scope_from_room_wire, ReducerState, ScopeId},
     state::{AppState, InviteState},
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ fn build_rank_response_for_content(
 
     if !is_global && !specs.is_empty() {
         let none_exist = specs.iter().all(|spec| {
-            let Some(canon) = CanonicalItemUrl::parse(spec) else { return true };
+            let Some(canon) = ItemId::parse(spec) else { return true };
             !content.items.contains(&canon) && !content.item_children.contains_key(&canon)
         });
         if none_exist {
@@ -163,10 +163,10 @@ fn build_rank_response_for_content(
 
     let depth = depth.max(1);
     let rankings = if is_global {
-        let all_items: Vec<CanonicalItemUrl> = content.items.iter().cloned().collect();
+        let all_items: Vec<ItemId> = content.items.iter().cloned().collect();
         crate::scope_rank::build_rankings_for_item_set(content, &all_items)
     } else if specs.is_empty() {
-        crate::scope_rank::build_children_rankings(content, &CanonicalItemUrl::ontology_root())
+        crate::scope_rank::build_children_rankings(content, &ItemId::ontology_root())
     } else if depth > 1 {
         let items = crate::scope_rank::resolve_scope_recursive(content, &specs, depth);
         crate::scope_rank::build_rankings_for_item_set(content, &items)
@@ -359,8 +359,8 @@ async fn rpc_check(
     let mut simulated = { reduced_arc.read().await.clone() };
     simulated.apply_event(event);
 
-    let voted_parents: Vec<CanonicalItemUrl> = {
-        let mut parents: HashSet<CanonicalItemUrl> = HashSet::new();
+    let voted_parents: Vec<ItemId> = {
+        let mut parents: HashSet<ItemId> = HashSet::new();
         for s in &v.doc.statements {
             if let dsl::Stmt::Vote { item1, item2, .. } = s {
                 if let (Ok(a), Ok(b)) = (resolve_item(item1), resolve_item(item2)) {
@@ -369,7 +369,7 @@ async fn rpc_check(
                 }
             }
         }
-        let mut out: Vec<CanonicalItemUrl> = parents.into_iter().collect();
+        let mut out: Vec<ItemId> = parents.into_iter().collect();
         out.sort();
         out
     };
@@ -695,7 +695,7 @@ fn rpc_search(reduced: &ReducerState, q: &str, limit: usize, principal: Option<&
 async fn rpc_get_pair(state: &AppState, room: String, parent_path: String) -> Result<RpcResult, RpcErr> {
     let scope = scope_from_room_wire(&room);
     let reduced_arc = state.reduced.clone();
-    let pool: Vec<CanonicalItemUrl> = {
+    let pool: Vec<ItemId> = {
         let reduced = reduced_arc.read().await;
         let content = content_for_room(&reduced, &room);
         let tmp = if parent_path.trim().is_empty() {
@@ -716,7 +716,7 @@ async fn rpc_get_pair(state: &AppState, room: String, parent_path: String) -> Re
             Some("add items via ingest".into()),
         ));
     }
-    let selected: Option<(CanonicalItemUrl, CanonicalItemUrl)> = {
+    let selected: Option<(ItemId, ItemId)> = {
         let mut reduced = reduced_arc.write().await;
         let content = reduced.content.entry(scope.clone()).or_default();
         let group = &mut content.ranking_group;
@@ -729,16 +729,16 @@ async fn rpc_get_pair(state: &AppState, room: String, parent_path: String) -> Re
                 .filter_map(|it| group.item_to_idx.get(it).copied())
                 .collect();
             let ranked = ranked_items_subset(group, &idxs, 10000, 1e-8);
-            let ranked_set: HashSet<CanonicalItemUrl> = ranked.iter().map(|r| r.item.clone()).collect();
-            let unsorted: Vec<CanonicalItemUrl> = pool
+            let ranked_set: HashSet<ItemId> = ranked.iter().map(|r| r.item.clone()).collect();
+            let unsorted: Vec<ItemId> = pool
                 .iter()
                 .filter(|it| !ranked_set.contains(*it))
                 .cloned()
                 .collect();
-            let mut pick: Option<(CanonicalItemUrl, CanonicalItemUrl)> = None;
+            let mut pick: Option<(ItemId, ItemId)> = None;
             if !unsorted.is_empty() {
                 if let Some(left) = unsorted.choose(&mut rng).cloned() {
-                    let mut candidates: Vec<CanonicalItemUrl> = if !ranked.is_empty() {
+                    let mut candidates: Vec<ItemId> = if !ranked.is_empty() {
                         ranked.iter().map(|r| r.item.clone()).collect()
                     } else {
                         pool.clone()
@@ -865,7 +865,7 @@ pub async fn handle_rpc_batch(
                 } else {
                 let content = content_for_room(&reduced, &room);
                 let item_str = canonicalize_item(&item_path);
-                let item = CanonicalItemUrl(item_str.clone());
+                let item = ItemId::parse(&item_str).unwrap_or_else(|| ItemId::opaque(item_str.clone()));
                 if !content.items.contains(&item) {
                     line_err(
                         "item not found",
@@ -1212,7 +1212,7 @@ pub async fn handle_rpc_batch(
                 }
 
                 let ranked_total = ranked.len();
-                let mut unranked: Vec<CanonicalItemUrl> = content
+                let mut unranked: Vec<ItemId> = content
                     .items
                     .iter()
                     .filter(|it| !group.item_to_idx.contains_key(*it))
@@ -1263,7 +1263,7 @@ pub async fn handle_rpc_batch(
                 } else {
                 let content = content_for_room(&reduced, &room);
                 let item_str = canonicalize_item(&item_path);
-                let item = CanonicalItemUrl(item_str.clone());
+                let item = ItemId::parse(&item_str).unwrap_or_else(|| ItemId::opaque(item_str.clone()));
                 let limit = limit.unwrap_or(50).clamp(1, 200);
                 if !content.items.contains(&item) {
                     line_err(
@@ -1304,7 +1304,7 @@ pub async fn handle_rpc_batch(
                 let content = content_for_room(&reduced, &room);
                 let scope = scope_from_room_wire(&room);
                 let item_str = canonicalize_item(&item_path);
-                let item = CanonicalItemUrl(item_str.clone());
+                let item = ItemId::parse(&item_str).unwrap_or_else(|| ItemId::opaque(item_str.clone()));
                 let entries = content.rank_history.get(&item).cloned().unwrap_or_default();
                 let history: Vec<RankHistoryRow> = entries.iter().map(|e| {
                     let caused_by: Vec<VoteRow> = reduced.ingests_by_id.get(&e.post_id)
@@ -1361,7 +1361,11 @@ pub async fn handle_rpc_batch(
                     line_err(e, h)
                 } else {
                 let content = content_for_room(&reduced, &room);
-                let parents: HashSet<&str> = content.item_children.keys().map(|s| s.as_str()).collect();
+                let parents: HashSet<String> = content
+                    .item_children
+                    .keys()
+                    .map(|k| k.to_storage_string())
+                    .collect();
                 let mut paths: Vec<GardenItemUrl> = content
                     .items
                     .iter()
@@ -1380,11 +1384,11 @@ pub async fn handle_rpc_batch(
                 let content = content_for_room(&reduced, &room);
                 let out: Vec<PathSummary> = content
                     .item_children
-                    .get(&CanonicalItemUrl::ontology_root())
+                    .get(&ItemId::ontology_root())
                     .map(|roots| {
                         let mut v: Vec<PathSummary> = roots.iter()
                             .map(|path| {
-                                let children = content.item_children.get(path.as_str()).map(|s| s.len()).unwrap_or(0);
+                                let children = content.item_children.get(path).map(|s| s.len()).unwrap_or(0);
                                 PathSummary {
                                     path: TildeOntologyPath::from_stored(path),
                                     children,
diff --git a/server/src/api/validate.rs b/server/src/api/validate.rs
index 3c7aa80fd485cf247231fe5c5c7e6fea62f22534..3f657a88ef9328a31e3e29c3bc3bd32bec6fd7a1 100644
--- a/server/src/api/validate.rs
+++ b/server/src/api/validate.rs
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ use std::collections::HashSet;
 use crate::{
     canonical_path::canonicalize_tag,
     dsl,
-    path_types::CanonicalItemUrl,
+    path_types::ItemId,
     reducer::{ReducerState, ScopeId},
 };
 use slug_types::paths::GardenItemUrl;
@@ -32,11 +32,11 @@ pub fn validate_ingest_document(
         ScopeId::Public => None,
         _ => reduced.content_for_scope(scope),
     };
-    let item_exists = |key: &CanonicalItemUrl| {
+    let item_exists = |key: &ItemId| {
         scoped_content.map(|c| c.items.contains(key)).unwrap_or(false)
             || public_content.items.contains(key)
     };
-    let body_exists = |key: &CanonicalItemUrl| {
+    let body_exists = |key: &ItemId| {
         scoped_content.map(|c| c.item_bodies.contains_key(key)).unwrap_or(false)
             || public_content.item_bodies.contains_key(key)
     };
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ pub fn validate_ingest_document(
     };
 
     let ts = super::helpers::now_ms();
-    let mut defined_in_doc: HashSet<CanonicalItemUrl> = HashSet::new();
+    let mut defined_in_doc: HashSet<ItemId> = HashSet::new();
 
     for s in &doc.statements {
         match s {
diff --git a/server/src/api/write_actor.rs b/server/src/api/write_actor.rs
index f9c3b8bd3fbf8fcb9c035e1a1572fef0b08fa8a9..3e96b015def54921962f74b4cd884808ff6c3bcc 100644
--- a/server/src/api/write_actor.rs
+++ b/server/src/api/write_actor.rs
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ use crate::{
     events::{AgentBound, Event, GrantAdded, Ingest, PostRedacted, RoomDeleted, UserRegistered},
     html::JsBuilder,
     identity::parse_agent,
-    path_types::CanonicalItemUrl,
+    path_types::ItemId,
     reducer::{scope_from_room_wire, ReducerState, ScopeId},
     state::AppState,
     write_cmd::WriteCmd,
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ async fn broadcast_web_refresh(state: &AppState, room_key: &str, thread_id: &str
 }
 
 fn compute_scope_rank_changes(
-    parent: &CanonicalItemUrl,
+    parent: &ItemId,
     before: &crate::scope_rank::ChildrenRankings,
     after: &crate::scope_rank::ChildrenRankings,
     room_wire: &str,
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ fn compute_scope_rank_changes(
     use std::collections::BTreeSet;
     fn build_positions(
         rankings: &crate::scope_rank::ChildrenRankings,
-    ) -> HashMap<CanonicalItemUrl, Option<RankPosition>> {
+    ) -> HashMap<ItemId, Option<RankPosition>> {
         let mut map = HashMap::new();
         for comp in &rankings.component_rankings {
             let total = comp.ranked.len();
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ fn compute_scope_rank_changes(
     let before_pos = build_positions(before);
     let after_pos = build_positions(after);
 
-    let all_items: BTreeSet<CanonicalItemUrl> = before_pos
+    let all_items: BTreeSet<ItemId> = before_pos
         .keys()
         .cloned()
         .chain(after_pos.keys().cloned())
@@ -287,8 +287,8 @@ pub async fn writer_actor(mut rx: mpsc::Receiver<WriteCmd>, state: AppState) {
                         .map(|d| reduced.agent_bindings.get(d).is_none())
                         .unwrap_or(false);
 
-                    let voted_parent_scopes: Vec<CanonicalItemUrl> = {
-                        let mut parents: HashSet<CanonicalItemUrl> = HashSet::new();
+                    let voted_parent_scopes: Vec<ItemId> = {
+                        let mut parents: HashSet<ItemId> = HashSet::new();
                         for s in &v.doc.statements {
                             if let dsl::Stmt::Vote { item1, item2, .. } = s {
                                 if let (Ok(a), Ok(b)) = (resolve_item(item1), resolve_item(item2)) {
@@ -301,12 +301,12 @@ pub async fn writer_actor(mut rx: mpsc::Receiver<WriteCmd>, state: AppState) {
                                 }
                             }
                         }
-                        let mut out: Vec<CanonicalItemUrl> = parents.into_iter().collect();
+                        let mut out: Vec<ItemId> = parents.into_iter().collect();
                         out.sort();
                         out
                     };
 
-                    let pre_rankings: HashMap<CanonicalItemUrl, crate::scope_rank::ChildrenRankings> =
+                    let pre_rankings: HashMap<ItemId, crate::scope_rank::ChildrenRankings> =
                         if !voted_parent_scopes.is_empty() {
                             let content = content_for_room(&reduced, &room_key);
                             voted_parent_scopes
diff --git a/server/src/external_resolver.rs b/server/src/external_resolver.rs
index 87409c4cab5f1930d2cd075f3417fa824fd791c7..6f5c982a627f9f620f0e3be0ba0cb92a3d7d4bb7 100644
--- a/server/src/external_resolver.rs
+++ b/server/src/external_resolver.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use async_trait::async_trait;
 
-use crate::path_types::CanonicalItemUrl;
+use crate::path_types::ItemId;
 
 #[async_trait]
 pub trait ExternalResolver: Send + Sync {
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ pub trait ExternalResolver: Send + Sync {
     fn normalize(&self, path: &str) -> String;
 
     /// Fetches body when missing; GitHub hook lands here in a follow-up.
-    async fn fetch_body(&self, canonical_url: &CanonicalItemUrl) -> Result<String, String>;
+    async fn fetch_body(&self, canonical_url: &ItemId) -> Result<String, String>;
 }
 
 /// Placeholder until domain-specific resolvers exist.
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ impl ExternalResolver for DefaultExternalResolver {
         path.to_string()
     }
 
-    async fn fetch_body(&self, _canonical_url: &CanonicalItemUrl) -> Result<String, String> {
+    async fn fetch_body(&self, _canonical_url: &ItemId) -> Result<String, String> {
         Err("external fetch not implemented".to_string())
     }
 }
diff --git a/server/src/html/breadcrumb_path.rs b/server/src/html/breadcrumb_path.rs
index c8a3937923161a6ff248bd77e87eff0dc6fe9ab0..5743a98753f579c70e10961278469afd7cb9ddcf 100644
--- a/server/src/html/breadcrumb_path.rs
+++ b/server/src/html/breadcrumb_path.rs
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
-use crate::path_types::{tilde_http_path_to_canonical, CanonicalItemUrl};
+use crate::path_types::{tilde_http_path_to_item_id, ItemId};
 
 /// Semantic view of an ontology path for rendering and routing decisions.
 pub(super) struct OntologyPath {
-    canonical: CanonicalItemUrl,
+    canonical: ItemId,
     /// Breadcrumb segments: for `~/a/b` this is `["a", "b"]` (leading `~` rendered separately).
     segments: Vec<String>,
 }
@@ -11,11 +11,11 @@ impl OntologyPath {
     /// Path is the `*path` segment from `/~/*path` (e.g. `topic/a`). Always treat it as under `~/`
     /// so it canonicalizes to `https://slug.social/~/…`, not the non-tilde site path.
     pub(super) fn from_input(path: &str) -> Self {
-        let canonical = tilde_http_path_to_canonical(path);
+        let canonical = tilde_http_path_to_item_id(path);
         Self::from_canonical(canonical)
     }
 
-    pub(super) fn from_canonical(canonical: CanonicalItemUrl) -> Self {
+    pub(super) fn from_canonical(canonical: ItemId) -> Self {
         // tilde_segments() returns ["~", "a", "b"] but bc_path() renders "~" itself,
         // so we skip the leading "~" segment here.
         let segments = canonical
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ impl OntologyPath {
     }
 
     pub(super) fn root() -> Self {
-        Self::from_canonical(CanonicalItemUrl::ontology_root())
+        Self::from_canonical(ItemId::ontology_root())
     }
 
     pub(super) fn is_root(&self) -> bool {
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ impl OntologyPath {
 
 /// External `https://host/…` items addressed as `/-/host/…` in the URL bar.
 pub(super) struct ExternalOntologyPath {
-    canonical: CanonicalItemUrl,
+    canonical: ItemId,
     /// e.g. `["github.com", "org", "repo", "issues"]`
     segments: Vec<String>,
 }
@@ -71,13 +71,13 @@ impl ExternalOntologyPath {
         } else {
             format!("-/{}", p.trim_start_matches('/'))
         };
-        let Some(canonical) = CanonicalItemUrl::parse(&raw) else {
-            return Self::from_canonical(CanonicalItemUrl("https://.".to_string()));
+        let Some(canonical) = ItemId::parse(&raw) else {
+            return Self::from_canonical(ItemId::opaque("https://.".to_string()));
         };
         Self::from_canonical(canonical)
     }
 
-    pub(super) fn from_canonical(canonical: CanonicalItemUrl) -> Self {
+    pub(super) fn from_canonical(canonical: ItemId) -> Self {
         let s = canonical.as_str();
         let rest = s
             .strip_prefix("https://")
diff --git a/server/src/html/editor.rs b/server/src/html/editor.rs
index 80657ac0df9b4bb67e4cdacca296f70267840bd1..c76417acd7a164fda23537cd4e7fb9f1f1dcd895 100644
--- a/server/src/html/editor.rs
+++ b/server/src/html/editor.rs
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ pub async fn editor_check(
             simulated.apply_event(event);
 
             // Collect voted parent scopes.
-            let voted_parents: Vec<crate::path_types::CanonicalItemUrl> = {
+            let voted_parents: Vec<crate::path_types::ItemId> = {
                 let mut parents = std::collections::HashSet::new();
                 for s in &v.doc.statements {
                     if let crate::dsl::Stmt::Vote { item1, item2, .. } = s {
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ pub async fn editor_check(
                         }
                     }
                 }
-                let mut out: Vec<crate::path_types::CanonicalItemUrl> = parents.into_iter().collect();
+                let mut out: Vec<crate::path_types::ItemId> = parents.into_iter().collect();
                 out.sort();
                 out
             };
diff --git a/server/src/html/forum/nav.rs b/server/src/html/forum/nav.rs
index 48fe11e46731670874ff8b6b05baa6f09ae0b7e4..7ca5b491f38104ec8c81db43a95c59da00abd8c4 100644
--- a/server/src/html/forum/nav.rs
+++ b/server/src/html/forum/nav.rs
@@ -52,9 +52,14 @@ impl ThreadNav {
     }
 
     pub(crate) fn garden_item_url(&self, item: &str) -> String {
-        let Some(c) = crate::path_types::CanonicalItemUrl::parse(item) else {
+        let Some(c) = crate::path_types::ItemId::parse(item) else {
             return format!("{}/{}", self.garden_path_prefix, canonicalize_item(item));
         };
+        self.garden_item_href(&c)
+    }
+
+    /// Relative href for a structured [`crate::path_types::ItemId`] in this scope’s garden.
+    pub(crate) fn garden_item_href(&self, c: &crate::path_types::ItemId) -> String {
         if let Some(tail) = c.tilde_tail().map(str::to_owned) {
             format!("{}/{}", self.garden_path_prefix, tail)
         } else if c.as_str().starts_with("http://") || c.as_str().starts_with("https://") {
@@ -63,7 +68,7 @@ impl ThreadNav {
             let ext_prefix = format!("{}-", self.garden_path_prefix.trim_end_matches('~'));
             format!("{}/{}", ext_prefix, rest)
         } else {
-            format!("{}/{}", self.garden_path_prefix, canonicalize_item(item))
+            format!("{}/{}", self.garden_path_prefix, canonicalize_item(c.as_str()))
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/server/src/html/garden.rs b/server/src/html/garden.rs
index e615dd356bcf634232d85610c0a26235ead125fd..2af9ac5bfdee1630883e6f8257883baeafcb5a44 100644
--- a/server/src/html/garden.rs
+++ b/server/src/html/garden.rs
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ use crate::{
     api::optional_principal,
     canonical_path::canonicalize_item,
     events::ThreadCapability,
-    path_types::CanonicalItemUrl,
+    path_types::ItemId,
     reducer::{ContentState, ReducerState, ScopeId},
     ranking::{connected_components_from_voted_pairs, ranked_items_subset},
     scope_rank::{build_children_rankings, ChildrenRankings},
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ use super::{
 
 /// Display path for an item: `~/…` or `-/…` form.
 fn item_display_path(item: &str) -> String {
-    CanonicalItemUrl::parse(item)
+    ItemId::parse(item)
         .map(|c| c.display_path())
         .unwrap_or_else(|| canonicalize_item(item))
 }
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ pub async fn garden_index(
     let nav = ThreadNav::public();
     let child_rankings = {
         let reduced = state.reduced.read().await;
-        build_children_rankings(reduced.public(), &CanonicalItemUrl::ontology_root())
+        build_children_rankings(reduced.public(), &ItemId::ontology_root())
     };
 
     let page = layout(
@@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ pub async fn external_garden_index(
 ) -> impl IntoResponse {
     let nav = ThreadNav::public();
     let ext_path = ExternalOntologyPath::from_input("");
-    let parent = CanonicalItemUrl::parse("https://.").unwrap();
+    let parent = ItemId::parse("https://.").unwrap();
     let child_rankings = {
         let reduced = state.reduced.read().await;
         build_children_rankings(reduced.public(), &parent)
@@ -365,7 +365,7 @@ pub async fn room_external_garden_index(
         return room_not_found_page(&jar, &uri).into_response();
     }
     let ext_path = ExternalOntologyPath::from_input("");
-    let parent = CanonicalItemUrl::parse("https://.").unwrap();
+    let parent = ItemId::parse("https://.").unwrap();
     let child_rankings = build_children_rankings(
         content_for_garden_view(&reduced, &nav.scope()),
         &parent,
@@ -509,13 +509,13 @@ struct ItemPageViewModel {
 fn build_sibling_rank(
     reduced: &crate::reducer::ReducerState,
     scope: &ScopeId,
-    item: &CanonicalItemUrl,
+    item: &ItemId,
 ) -> Option<SiblingRank> {
     let item = item.clone().normalized_storage();
     let content = content_for_garden_view(reduced, scope);
     let group = &content.ranking_group;
     let parent = item.parent()?.normalized_storage();
-    let siblings: Vec<CanonicalItemUrl> = content
+    let siblings: Vec<ItemId> = content
         .item_children
         .get(&parent)
         .map(|s| s.iter().cloned().collect())
@@ -574,7 +574,7 @@ fn build_rank_history(
     item: &str,
 ) -> Vec<RankHistoryEntryView> {
     let content = content_for_garden_view(reduced, scope);
-    let item_key = CanonicalItemUrl(item.to_string());
+    let item_key = ItemId::parse(item).unwrap_or_else(|| ItemId::opaque(item.to_string()));
     let entries = match content.rank_history.get(&item_key) {
         None => return vec![],
         Some(e) => e,
@@ -592,8 +592,8 @@ fn build_rank_history(
                         if a_str == item || b_str == item {
                             Some(crate::reducer::VoteData {
                                 ts: e.ts,
-                                a: CanonicalItemUrl(a_str),
-                                b: CanonicalItemUrl(b_str),
+                                a: ItemId::parse(&a_str).unwrap_or_else(|| ItemId::opaque(a_str)),
+                                b: ItemId::parse(&b_str).unwrap_or_else(|| ItemId::opaque(b_str)),
                                 ratio_left, ratio_right,
                                 body: explanation,
                                 principal: reduced.ingests_by_id.get(&e.post_id)
@@ -629,8 +629,8 @@ fn build_item_page_view_model(
     item: &str,
 ) -> ItemPageViewModel {
     let content = content_for_garden_view(reduced, scope);
-    let item_key = CanonicalItemUrl::parse(item)
-        .unwrap_or_else(|| CanonicalItemUrl::parse("~/").unwrap())
+    let item_key = ItemId::parse(item)
+        .unwrap_or_else(|| ItemId::parse("~/").unwrap())
         .normalized_storage();
     let item_has_parent = item_key.parent().is_some();
     let child_rankings = build_children_rankings(content, &item_key);
@@ -925,10 +925,10 @@ mod tests {
             .map(|r| r.item.as_str())
             .collect();
         assert_eq!(names, vec!["https://slug.social/~/topic/a", "https://slug.social/~/topic/b"]);
-        use crate::path_types::CanonicalItemUrl;
+        use crate::path_types::ItemId;
         assert!(
-            model.child_rankings.unranked_items.contains(&CanonicalItemUrl("https://slug.social/~/topic/kid1".to_string()))
-                || model.child_rankings.unranked_items.contains(&CanonicalItemUrl("https://slug.social/~/topic/kid2".to_string()))
+            model.child_rankings.unranked_items.contains(&ItemId::parse("https://slug.social/~/topic/kid1").unwrap())
+                || model.child_rankings.unranked_items.contains(&ItemId::parse("https://slug.social/~/topic/kid2").unwrap())
         );
     }
 
@@ -941,8 +941,8 @@ mod tests {
             "9ab12cd/my-room",
             "@00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000:test:local/test\n~/t1 {a}\n~/t2 {b}\n",
         );
-        use crate::path_types::CanonicalItemUrl;
-        let root = CanonicalItemUrl::ontology_root();
+        use crate::path_types::ItemId;
+        let root = ItemId::ontology_root();
         let model = build_item_page_view_model(
             &reduced,
             &ScopeId::Room("9ab12cd/my-room".to_string()),
@@ -971,8 +971,8 @@ mod tests {
             "@00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000:test:local/test\n\
              ~/a {a}\n~/b {b}\n~/a 2:1 ~/b {because}\n",
         );
-        use crate::path_types::CanonicalItemUrl;
-        let root = CanonicalItemUrl::ontology_root();
+        use crate::path_types::ItemId;
+        let root = ItemId::ontology_root();
         let model = build_item_page_view_model(
             &reduced,
             &ScopeId::Room("9ab12cd/my-room".to_string()),
diff --git a/server/src/html/routing.rs b/server/src/html/routing.rs
index 13e9ae0cbe32d454e34a7737edf8234d2a558502..df545a8195aa97484ef0012cff31d802ac67d9df 100644
--- a/server/src/html/routing.rs
+++ b/server/src/html/routing.rs
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 //! Prefer `RouteContext::item_href` / [`RouteContext::thread_url`] in new Maud over stitching
 //! `/r/…` vs `/~` manually. Call sites can migrate incrementally from passing `&ThreadNav`.
 
-use crate::path_types::CanonicalItemUrl;
+use crate::path_types::ItemId;
 
 use super::forum::ThreadNav;
 
@@ -32,9 +32,9 @@ impl RouteContext {
         self.0
     }
 
-    /// Relative path for a stored canonical item in this scope’s garden.
-    pub fn item_href(&self, item: &CanonicalItemUrl) -> String {
-        self.0.garden_item_url(item.as_str())
+    /// Relative path for a stored item in this scope’s garden.
+    pub fn item_href(&self, item: &ItemId) -> String {
+        self.0.garden_item_href(item)
     }
 
     /// Same as [`Self::item_href`] but parses `item` first (raw DSL / user paste).
diff --git a/server/src/path_types.rs b/server/src/path_types.rs
index 361a9d446c9043cbdea5f060db2e8633c2fd9bf9..a6e0b90a1aaead0bc1f7e0f4c5296506edf3f7ac 100644
--- a/server/src/path_types.rs
+++ b/server/src/path_types.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
-//! Re-exports — implementations live in `slug-types` (`paths` module).
+//! Re-exports — implementations live in `slug-types` (`paths` / `item_id` modules).
 
+pub use slug_types::ItemId;
 pub use slug_types::paths::{
-    tilde_http_path_to_canonical, CanonicalItemUrl, RelativePath, TildeHttpPathTail, TildePath,
+    tilde_http_path_to_item_id, RelativePath, TildeHttpPathTail, TildePath,
 };
diff --git a/server/src/ranking.rs b/server/src/ranking.rs
index b24e80ddd5f34b4e454bb81b541e8f54bd97a541..3710c9f64437f5bef3b2121905b6f3bcb7611047 100644
--- a/server/src/ranking.rs
+++ b/server/src/ranking.rs
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 
-use crate::path_types::CanonicalItemUrl;
+use crate::path_types::ItemId;
 use crate::reducer::GroupState;
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct RankedItem {
-    pub item: CanonicalItemUrl,
+    pub item: ItemId,
     pub score: f64,
 }
 
@@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ pub fn group_summary_scores(
     group: &mut GroupState,
     max_iters: usize,
     tol: f64,
-) -> HashMap<CanonicalItemUrl, f64> {
+) -> HashMap<ItemId, f64> {
     ranked_items(group, max_iters, tol)
         .into_iter()
         .map(|r| (r.item, r.score))
@@ -256,11 +256,11 @@ mod tests {
     }
 
     fn vote(ts: i64, a: &str, b: &str, l: i32, r: i32) -> VoteData {
-        use crate::path_types::CanonicalItemUrl;
+        use crate::path_types::ItemId;
         VoteData {
             ts,
-            a: CanonicalItemUrl(a.to_string()),
-            b: CanonicalItemUrl(b.to_string()),
+            a: ItemId::parse(a).unwrap(),
+            b: ItemId::parse(b).unwrap(),
             ratio_left: l,
             ratio_right: r,
             body: "because".to_string(),
diff --git a/server/src/reducer.rs b/server/src/reducer.rs
index a8651994f2c062af25b6ad792a014dcc083296f9..cd11a5391de8e36b1c3bb6c9b8067ceba0878e31 100644
--- a/server/src/reducer.rs
+++ b/server/src/reducer.rs
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use crate::canonical_path::canonicalize_tag;
 use crate::dsl;
 use crate::events::{Event, Ingest, ThreadCapability};
-use crate::path_types::CanonicalItemUrl;
+use crate::path_types::ItemId;
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Hash, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord)]
 pub enum ScopeId {
@@ -27,8 +27,8 @@ pub fn scope_from_room_wire(room: &str) -> ScopeId {
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub struct VoteData {
     pub ts: i64,
-    pub a: CanonicalItemUrl,
-    pub b: CanonicalItemUrl,
+    pub a: ItemId,
+    pub b: ItemId,
     pub ratio_left: i32,
     pub ratio_right: i32,
     pub body: String,
@@ -40,8 +40,8 @@ pub struct VoteData {
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct GroupState {
-    pub item_to_idx: HashMap<CanonicalItemUrl, usize>,
-    pub idx_to_item: Vec<CanonicalItemUrl>,
+    pub item_to_idx: HashMap<ItemId, usize>,
+    pub idx_to_item: Vec<ItemId>,
 
     /// Aggregated directed edge weights: (src_idx, dst_idx) -> weight.
     pub edges: HashMap<(usize, usize), f64>,
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ impl GroupState {
         }
     }
 
-    fn ensure_item(&mut self, item: &CanonicalItemUrl) -> usize {
+    fn ensure_item(&mut self, item: &ItemId) -> usize {
         if let Some(&idx) = self.item_to_idx.get(item) {
             return idx;
         }
@@ -85,11 +85,11 @@ impl GroupState {
 
     /// Public test helper: insert an item into the group without a vote (for unit tests).
     pub fn ensure_item_pub(&mut self, item: &str) -> usize {
-        if let Some(canon) = CanonicalItemUrl::parse(item) {
+        if let Some(canon) = ItemId::parse(item) {
             self.ensure_item(&canon)
         } else {
             // Fallback: treat as raw canonical string
-            let canon = CanonicalItemUrl(item.to_string());
+            let canon = ItemId::opaque(item.to_string());
             self.ensure_item(&canon)
         }
     }
@@ -103,8 +103,8 @@ impl GroupState {
     }
 
     pub fn apply_vote(&mut self, mut vote: VoteData) {
-        vote.a = CanonicalItemUrl::parse(vote.a.as_str()).unwrap_or(vote.a);
-        vote.b = CanonicalItemUrl::parse(vote.b.as_str()).unwrap_or(vote.b);
+        vote.a = ItemId::parse(vote.a.as_str()).unwrap_or_else(|| vote.a.clone());
+        vote.b = ItemId::parse(vote.b.as_str()).unwrap_or_else(|| vote.b.clone());
         vote.thread_tag = canonicalize_tag(&vote.thread_tag);
         if vote.ratio_left < 0 {
             vote.ratio_left = 0;
@@ -210,18 +210,18 @@ impl Default for ForumThreadState {
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Default)]
 pub struct ContentState {
     pub ranking_group: GroupState,
-    pub items: HashSet<CanonicalItemUrl>,
-    pub item_bodies: HashMap<CanonicalItemUrl, String>,
+    pub items: HashSet<ItemId>,
+    pub item_bodies: HashMap<ItemId, String>,
     /// Parent canonical URL -> direct children.
-    pub item_children: HashMap<CanonicalItemUrl, HashSet<CanonicalItemUrl>>,
+    pub item_children: HashMap<ItemId, HashSet<ItemId>>,
     /// Per-item vote history (most recent first).
-    pub item_votes: HashMap<CanonicalItemUrl, VecDeque<VoteData>>,
+    pub item_votes: HashMap<ItemId, VecDeque<VoteData>>,
     /// Per-item ingest references (most recent first).
-    pub item_snippets: HashMap<CanonicalItemUrl, VecDeque<String>>,
+    pub item_snippets: HashMap<ItemId, VecDeque<String>>,
     /// Item path -> threads that mention or vote on this item.
-    pub item_threads: HashMap<CanonicalItemUrl, HashSet<String>>,
+    pub item_threads: HashMap<ItemId, HashSet<String>>,
     /// Per-item rank history, oldest first.
-    pub rank_history: HashMap<CanonicalItemUrl, Vec<RankHistoryEntry>>,
+    pub rank_history: HashMap<ItemId, Vec<RankHistoryEntry>>,
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
@@ -351,7 +351,7 @@ impl ReducerState {
     /// For `a/b/c/d` this creates: `a/b/c→d`, `a/b→a/b/c`, `a→a/b`, `""→a`.
     /// Stops early when an intermediate is already registered (its ancestors must be too).
     /// @e2bdefa9-a6fa-4725-b0a2-c0b09d95bb20:claudecode:anthropic/claude-opus-4
-    fn add_child_edge(content: &mut ContentState, item: &CanonicalItemUrl) {
+    fn add_child_edge(content: &mut ContentState, item: &ItemId) {
         let mut child = item.clone();
         loop {
             let Some(parent) = child.parent() else { break };
@@ -366,16 +366,16 @@ impl ReducerState {
     }
 
     /// Resolve an item path as a first-class canonical path.
-    fn normalize_item(item: &str) -> Option<CanonicalItemUrl> {
-        CanonicalItemUrl::parse(item)
+    fn normalize_item(item: &str) -> Option<ItemId> {
+        ItemId::parse(item)
     }
 
     /// 1-indexed rank of `item` within its connected component in the parent scope.
     /// 0 if the item has no votes connecting it to siblings (unranked).
     fn scope_rank_of(
         group: &GroupState,
-        item: &CanonicalItemUrl,
-        item_children: &HashMap<CanonicalItemUrl, HashSet<CanonicalItemUrl>>,
+        item: &ItemId,
+        item_children: &HashMap<ItemId, HashSet<ItemId>>,
     ) -> usize {
         let scope = match item.parent() {
             Some(p) => p,
@@ -421,7 +421,7 @@ impl ReducerState {
     /// 1-indexed position of `item` in the component-aware global flat list.
     /// Components sorted largest-first; items ranked within each component.
     /// 0 if the item is not in the ranking group.
-    fn global_rank_of(group: &GroupState, item: &CanonicalItemUrl) -> usize {
+    fn global_rank_of(group: &GroupState, item: &ItemId) -> usize {
         if !group.item_to_idx.contains_key(item) {
             return 0;
         }
@@ -448,7 +448,7 @@ impl ReducerState {
         let doc = dsl::parse_full(&ing.raw).map_err(|_| ())?;
         let canonical_thread = canonicalize_tag(&ing.thread_tag);
 
-        let voted_items: Vec<CanonicalItemUrl> = doc
+        let voted_items: Vec<ItemId> = doc
             .statements
             .iter()
             .filter_map(|s| {
@@ -467,7 +467,7 @@ impl ReducerState {
         let principal = ing.principal.clone();
         let delegate = ing.delegate.clone();
 
-        let before: HashMap<CanonicalItemUrl, (usize, usize)> = if !voted_items.is_empty() {
+        let before: HashMap<ItemId, (usize, usize)> = if !voted_items.is_empty() {
             crate::ranking::compute_group_ranking(&mut content.ranking_group, 10000, 1e-8);
             voted_items
                 .iter()
@@ -485,7 +485,7 @@ impl ReducerState {
             HashMap::new()
         };
 
-        let mut ingest_items: HashSet<CanonicalItemUrl> = HashSet::new();
+        let mut ingest_items: HashSet<ItemId> = HashSet::new();
 
         for stmt in doc.statements {
             match stmt {
diff --git a/server/src/scope_rank.rs b/server/src/scope_rank.rs
index d656b2f0a0a3623ca6b234b746beaaca8ae6017d..4fdaae150c74ec5162c2accc06d4cc778ad79914 100644
--- a/server/src/scope_rank.rs
+++ b/server/src/scope_rank.rs
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 use std::collections::{HashMap, HashSet};
 
-use crate::path_types::CanonicalItemUrl;
+use crate::path_types::ItemId;
 use crate::ranking::{connected_components_from_voted_pairs, ranked_items_subset, RankedItem};
 use crate::reducer::ContentState;
 
@@ -17,12 +17,12 @@ pub struct ScopedComponent {
 pub struct ChildrenRankings {
     pub component_rankings: Vec<ScopedComponent>,
     /// Items in scope with no rank (no votes connecting them to others in this scope).
-    pub unranked_items: Vec<CanonicalItemUrl>,
+    pub unranked_items: Vec<ItemId>,
 }
 
 /// Resolve one scope spec (literal path) to direct children of that parent. No wildcards.
-fn resolve_one_scope(content: &ContentState, spec: &str) -> HashSet<CanonicalItemUrl> {
-    let Some(parent) = CanonicalItemUrl::parse(spec.trim()) else {
+fn resolve_one_scope(content: &ContentState, spec: &str) -> HashSet<ItemId> {
+    let Some(parent) = ItemId::parse(spec.trim()) else {
         return HashSet::new();
     };
     content
@@ -36,12 +36,12 @@ fn resolve_one_scope(content: &ContentState, spec: &str) -> HashSet<CanonicalIte
 
 /// Resolve multiple scope specs (literal paths) to a single merged, deduplicated list of item paths.
 /// Used for rank/pair with multiple parents (explicit merge, e.g. rank ~/models ~/ai-models).
-pub fn resolve_scope(content: &ContentState, specs: &[String]) -> Vec<CanonicalItemUrl> {
+pub fn resolve_scope(content: &ContentState, specs: &[String]) -> Vec<ItemId> {
     let mut set = HashSet::new();
     for spec in specs {
         set.extend(resolve_one_scope(content, spec));
     }
-    let mut out: Vec<CanonicalItemUrl> = set.into_iter().collect();
+    let mut out: Vec<ItemId> = set.into_iter().collect();
     out.sort();
     out
 }
@@ -49,18 +49,18 @@ pub fn resolve_scope(content: &ContentState, specs: &[String]) -> Vec<CanonicalI
 /// Resolve scope specs recursively up to `depth` levels deep.
 /// depth=1 is equivalent to resolve_scope (direct children only).
 /// depth=2 includes grandchildren, etc.
-pub fn resolve_scope_recursive(content: &ContentState, specs: &[String], depth: usize) -> Vec<CanonicalItemUrl> {
+pub fn resolve_scope_recursive(content: &ContentState, specs: &[String], depth: usize) -> Vec<ItemId> {
     if depth == 0 {
         return vec![];
     }
-    let mut visited: HashSet<CanonicalItemUrl> = HashSet::new();
-    let mut frontier: Vec<CanonicalItemUrl> = specs
+    let mut visited: HashSet<ItemId> = HashSet::new();
+    let mut frontier: Vec<ItemId> = specs
         .iter()
-        .filter_map(|s| CanonicalItemUrl::parse(s))
+        .filter_map(|s| ItemId::parse(s))
         .collect();
 
     for _level in 0..depth {
-        let mut next_frontier: Vec<CanonicalItemUrl> = Vec::new();
+        let mut next_frontier: Vec<ItemId> = Vec::new();
         for parent in &frontier {
             if let Some(children) = content.item_children.get(parent) {
                 for child in children {
@@ -76,16 +76,16 @@ pub fn resolve_scope_recursive(content: &ContentState, specs: &[String], depth:
         frontier = next_frontier;
     }
 
-    let mut out: Vec<CanonicalItemUrl> = visited.into_iter().collect();
+    let mut out: Vec<ItemId> = visited.into_iter().collect();
     out.sort();
     out
 }
 
 /// Build connected-component rankings for an explicit set of item paths.
 /// Use this when scope comes from multiple parents (resolve_scope).
-pub fn build_rankings_for_item_set(content: &ContentState, items_in_scope: &[CanonicalItemUrl]) -> ChildrenRankings {
+pub fn build_rankings_for_item_set(content: &ContentState, items_in_scope: &[ItemId]) -> ChildrenRankings {
     let group = &content.ranking_group;
-    let mut items_in_scope: Vec<CanonicalItemUrl> = items_in_scope.to_vec();
+    let mut items_in_scope: Vec<ItemId> = items_in_scope.to_vec();
     items_in_scope.sort();
 
     let scoped_idxs: Vec<usize> = items_in_scope
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ pub fn build_rankings_for_item_set(content: &ContentState, items_in_scope: &[Can
         })
         .collect();
 
-    let mut unranked_items: Vec<CanonicalItemUrl> = isolate_local_idxs
+    let mut unranked_items: Vec<ItemId> = isolate_local_idxs
         .into_iter()
         .filter_map(|li| local_to_global.get(li).copied())
         .filter_map(|idx| group.idx_to_item.get(idx).cloned())
@@ -148,9 +148,9 @@ pub fn build_rankings_for_item_set(content: &ContentState, items_in_scope: &[Can
 
 /// Build connected-component rankings for direct children of parent_scope.
 /// Matches the HTML garden view: multiple components, isolates, no-vote items.
-pub fn build_children_rankings(content: &ContentState, parent: &CanonicalItemUrl) -> ChildrenRankings {
+pub fn build_children_rankings(content: &ContentState, parent: &ItemId) -> ChildrenRankings {
     let parent = parent.clone().normalized_storage();
-    let items: Vec<CanonicalItemUrl> = content
+    let items: Vec<ItemId> = content
         .item_children
         .get(&parent)
         .map(|s| s.iter().cloned().collect())
@@ -164,10 +164,13 @@ mod tests {
     use std::collections::{HashMap, HashSet};
 
     fn content_with_children(edges: &[(&str, &[&str])]) -> ContentState {
-        let mut item_children: HashMap<CanonicalItemUrl, HashSet<CanonicalItemUrl>> = HashMap::new();
+        let mut item_children: HashMap<ItemId, HashSet<ItemId>> = HashMap::new();
         for (parent, children) in edges {
-            let parent = CanonicalItemUrl((*parent).to_string());
-            let set: HashSet<CanonicalItemUrl> = children.iter().map(|s| CanonicalItemUrl((*s).to_string())).collect();
+            let parent = ItemId::parse(parent).unwrap();
+            let set: HashSet<ItemId> = children
+                .iter()
+                .map(|s| ItemId::parse(s).unwrap())
+                .collect();
             item_children.insert(parent, set);
         }
         ContentState {
@@ -189,8 +192,8 @@ mod tests {
         ]);
         let out = resolve_one_scope(&content, "models");
         assert_eq!(out.len(), 2);
-        assert!(out.contains(&CanonicalItemUrl("https://slug.social/models/x".to_string())));
-        assert!(out.contains(&CanonicalItemUrl("https://slug.social/models/y".to_string())));
+        assert!(out.contains(&ItemId::parse("https://slug.social/models/x").unwrap()));
+        assert!(out.contains(&ItemId::parse("https://slug.social/models/y").unwrap()));
     }
 
     #[test]
@@ -201,9 +204,9 @@ mod tests {
         ]);
         let out = resolve_scope(&content, &["a".into(), "b".into()]);
         assert_eq!(out.len(), 4);
-        assert!(out.contains(&CanonicalItemUrl("https://slug.social/a/1".to_string())));
-        assert!(out.contains(&CanonicalItemUrl("https://slug.social/a/2".to_string())));
-        assert!(out.contains(&CanonicalItemUrl("https://slug.social/b/1".to_string())));
-        assert!(out.contains(&CanonicalItemUrl("https://slug.social/b/2".to_string())));
+        assert!(out.contains(&ItemId::parse("https://slug.social/a/1").unwrap()));
+        assert!(out.contains(&ItemId::parse("https://slug.social/a/2").unwrap()));
+        assert!(out.contains(&ItemId::parse("https://slug.social/b/1").unwrap()));
+        assert!(out.contains(&ItemId::parse("https://slug.social/b/2").unwrap()));
     }
 }
diff --git a/server/tests/basic.rs b/server/tests/basic.rs
index 17db86894f18d6b542d2943f4cedb0572b247171..c8efea2976e20b443d78a5d4c3b244bc4f2fd6da 100644
--- a/server/tests/basic.rs
+++ b/server/tests/basic.rs
@@ -7,8 +7,15 @@ use slugsocial_server::{
 };
 
 
+use slugsocial_server::path_types::ItemId;
+
 use tempfile::TempDir;
 
+#[inline]
+fn item_id(s: &str) -> ItemId {
+    ItemId::parse(s).unwrap()
+}
+
 fn ingest_event(ts: i64, raw: &str) -> Event {
     Event::Ingest(Ingest {
         ts,
@@ -47,7 +54,7 @@ fn reducer_external_namespace_ranking() {
     let g = &content.ranking_group;
     assert_eq!(g.idx_to_item.len(), 2);
 
-    let parent = slugsocial_server::path_types::CanonicalItemUrl::parse("https://github.com/iss").unwrap();
+    let parent = slugsocial_server::path_types::ItemId::parse("https://github.com/iss").unwrap();
     let children = slugsocial_server::scope_rank::build_children_rankings(content, &parent);
     assert_eq!(children.component_rankings.len(), 1);
     let names: Vec<&str> = children.component_rankings[0]
@@ -77,9 +84,9 @@ fn reducer_and_ranking_linear_chain() {
     let mut group = state.public().ranking_group.clone();
     let ranked = ranked_items(&mut group, 20000, 1e-9);
     assert_eq!(ranked.len(), 3);
-    assert_eq!(ranked[0].item, "https://slug.social/~/t/a");
-    assert_eq!(ranked[1].item, "https://slug.social/~/t/b");
-    assert_eq!(ranked[2].item, "https://slug.social/~/t/c");
+    assert_eq!(ranked[0].item.as_str(), "https://slug.social/~/t/a");
+    assert_eq!(ranked[1].item.as_str(), "https://slug.social/~/t/b");
+    assert_eq!(ranked[2].item.as_str(), "https://slug.social/~/t/c");
 }
 
 #[test]
@@ -112,15 +119,15 @@ fn reducer_handles_item_and_body_from_ingest() {
     ));
 
     let content = state.public();
-    assert!(content.items.contains("https://slug.social/~/t/test-item"));
+    assert!(content.items.contains(&item_id("https://slug.social/~/t/test-item")));
     assert_eq!(
-        content.item_bodies.get("https://slug.social/~/t/test-item"),
+        content.item_bodies.get(&item_id("https://slug.social/~/t/test-item")),
         Some(&"Description here".to_string())
     );
     assert!(content
         .item_children
-        .get("https://slug.social/~/t")
-        .map(|c| c.contains("https://slug.social/~/t/test-item"))
+        .get(&item_id("https://slug.social/~/t"))
+        .map(|c| c.contains(&item_id("https://slug.social/~/t/test-item")))
         .unwrap_or(false));
 }
 
@@ -136,12 +143,12 @@ fn reducer_indexes_item_threads_and_vote_thread() {
     state.apply_event(Event::Ingest(ev));
 
     let content = state.public();
-    let threads_for_insertion = content.item_threads.get("https://slug.social/~/sorts/insertion").unwrap();
+    let threads_for_insertion = content.item_threads.get(&item_id("https://slug.social/~/sorts/insertion")).unwrap();
     assert!(threads_for_insertion.contains("sorting-hat"));
-    let threads_for_mergesort = content.item_threads.get("https://slug.social/~/sorts/mergesort").unwrap();
+    let threads_for_mergesort = content.item_threads.get(&item_id("https://slug.social/~/sorts/mergesort")).unwrap();
     assert!(threads_for_mergesort.contains("sorting-hat"));
 
-    let vote = content.item_votes.get("https://slug.social/~/sorts/insertion").unwrap().front().unwrap();
+    let vote = content.item_votes.get(&item_id("https://slug.social/~/sorts/insertion")).unwrap().front().unwrap();
     assert_eq!(vote.thread_tag, "sorting-hat");
 }
 
@@ -155,8 +162,8 @@ fn reducer_aggregates_multiple_votes() {
     }
 
     let group = &state.public().ranking_group;
-    let a_idx = group.item_to_idx["https://slug.social/~/t/a"];
-    let b_idx = group.item_to_idx["https://slug.social/~/t/b"];
+    let a_idx = group.item_to_idx[&item_id("https://slug.social/~/t/a")];
+    let b_idx = group.item_to_idx[&item_id("https://slug.social/~/t/b")];
 
     // Should have accumulated edge weights in both directions.
     assert!(group.edges.contains_key(&(a_idx, b_idx)));
@@ -232,7 +239,7 @@ fn ranking_dominant_item_wins() {
     let mut group = state.public().ranking_group.clone();
     let ranked = ranked_items(&mut group, 20000, 1e-9);
 
-    assert_eq!(ranked[0].item, "https://slug.social/~/t/champion");
+    assert_eq!(ranked[0].item.as_str(), "https://slug.social/~/t/champion");
     assert!(ranked[0].score > ranked[1].score);
 }
 
@@ -379,7 +386,7 @@ async fn full_workflow_reducer_and_ranking() {
     let ranked = ranked_items(&mut group, 20000, 1e-9);
 
     assert_eq!(ranked.len(), 2);
-    assert_eq!(ranked[0].item, "https://slug.social/~/langs/rust"); // Should win
+    assert_eq!(ranked[0].item.as_str(), "https://slug.social/~/langs/rust"); // Should win
     assert!(ranked[0].score > ranked[1].score);
 }
 
@@ -395,27 +402,27 @@ fn reducer_materializes_ancestor_path_segments() {
 
     // The intermediate path "https://slug.social/~/ai-models/anthropic" should appear as a child of "https://slug.social/~/ai-models".
     let content = state.public();
-    let ai_models_children = content.item_children.get("https://slug.social/~/ai-models").expect("ai-models should have children");
+    let ai_models_children = content.item_children.get(&item_id("https://slug.social/~/ai-models")).expect("ai-models should have children");
     assert!(
-        ai_models_children.contains("https://slug.social/~/ai-models/anthropic"),
+        ai_models_children.contains(&item_id("https://slug.social/~/ai-models/anthropic")),
         "ai-models/anthropic should be a child of ai-models"
     );
 
     // The leaf items should still be children of "https://slug.social/~/ai-models/anthropic".
-    let anthropic_children = content.item_children.get("https://slug.social/~/ai-models/anthropic").expect("ai-models/anthropic should have children");
-    assert!(anthropic_children.contains("https://slug.social/~/ai-models/anthropic/claude-opus"));
-    assert!(anthropic_children.contains("https://slug.social/~/ai-models/anthropic/claude-sonnet"));
+    let anthropic_children = content.item_children.get(&item_id("https://slug.social/~/ai-models/anthropic")).expect("ai-models/anthropic should have children");
+    assert!(anthropic_children.contains(&item_id("https://slug.social/~/ai-models/anthropic/claude-opus")));
+    assert!(anthropic_children.contains(&item_id("https://slug.social/~/ai-models/anthropic/claude-sonnet")));
 
     // Root should contain "https://slug.social/~/ai-models".
-    let root_children = content.item_children.get("https://slug.social/~").expect("root should have children");
-    assert!(root_children.contains("https://slug.social/~/ai-models"));
+    let root_children = content.item_children.get(&item_id("https://slug.social/~")).expect("root should have children");
+    assert!(root_children.contains(&item_id("https://slug.social/~/ai-models")));
 
     // The phantom intermediates should NOT be in the items set (they weren't explicitly created).
-    assert!(!content.items.contains("https://slug.social/~/ai-models"));
-    assert!(!content.items.contains("https://slug.social/~/ai-models/anthropic"));
+    assert!(!content.items.contains(&item_id("https://slug.social/~/ai-models")));
+    assert!(!content.items.contains(&item_id("https://slug.social/~/ai-models/anthropic")));
     // But the leaf items should be.
-    assert!(content.items.contains("https://slug.social/~/ai-models/anthropic/claude-opus"));
-    assert!(content.items.contains("https://slug.social/~/ai-models/anthropic/claude-sonnet"));
+    assert!(content.items.contains(&item_id("https://slug.social/~/ai-models/anthropic/claude-opus")));
+    assert!(content.items.contains(&item_id("https://slug.social/~/ai-models/anthropic/claude-sonnet")));
 }
 
 #[test]
@@ -469,9 +476,9 @@ fn ranking_repeated_votes_normalized() {
 
     // Same winner regardless of how many times voted.
     assert_eq!(ranked_once[0].item, ranked_many[0].item);
-    assert_eq!(ranked_once[0].item, "https://slug.social/~/norm/a");
+    assert_eq!(ranked_once[0].item.as_str(), "https://slug.social/~/norm/a");
     assert_eq!(ranked_once[1].item, ranked_many[1].item);
-    assert_eq!(ranked_once[1].item, "https://slug.social/~/norm/b");
+    assert_eq!(ranked_once[1].item.as_str(), "https://slug.social/~/norm/b");
 
     // Scores should be identical (normalization makes repeated votes idempotent).
     let eps = 1e-6;
@@ -506,8 +513,8 @@ fn reducer_zero_zero_vote_ratio_normalizes_to_one_one() {
         "~/t/a {a}\n~/t/b {b}\n~/t/a 0:0 ~/t/b {zero}\n",
     ));
     let group = &state.public().ranking_group;
-    let a_idx = group.item_to_idx["https://slug.social/~/t/a"];
-    let b_idx = group.item_to_idx["https://slug.social/~/t/b"];
+    let a_idx = group.item_to_idx[&item_id("https://slug.social/~/t/a")];
+    let b_idx = group.item_to_idx[&item_id("https://slug.social/~/t/b")];
     // 0:0 should normalize to 1:1 — both directions should have weight
     assert!(group.edges.contains_key(&(a_idx, b_idx)));
     assert!(group.edges.contains_key(&(b_idx, a_idx)));
@@ -523,8 +530,8 @@ fn reducer_negative_ratio_clamped_to_zero() {
     let mut group = GroupState::new();
     group.apply_vote(slugsocial_server::reducer::VoteData {
         ts: 1,
-        a: slugsocial_server::path_types::CanonicalItemUrl("https://slug.social/~/t/a".to_string()),
-        b: slugsocial_server::path_types::CanonicalItemUrl("https://slug.social/~/t/b".to_string()),
+        a: slugsocial_server::path_types::ItemId::parse("https://slug.social/~/t/a").unwrap(),
+        b: slugsocial_server::path_types::ItemId::parse("https://slug.social/~/t/b").unwrap(),
         ratio_left: -5,
         ratio_right: -3,
         body: "negative".to_string(),
@@ -534,8 +541,8 @@ fn reducer_negative_ratio_clamped_to_zero() {
     });
     assert_eq!(group.idx_to_item.len(), 2);
     // Both edges should exist (negatives clamped to 0, then 0:0 -> 1:1)
-    let a_idx = group.item_to_idx["https://slug.social/~/t/a"];
-    let b_idx = group.item_to_idx["https://slug.social/~/t/b"];
+    let a_idx = group.item_to_idx[&item_id("https://slug.social/~/t/a")];
+    let b_idx = group.item_to_idx[&item_id("https://slug.social/~/t/b")];
     assert!(group.edges.contains_key(&(a_idx, b_idx)));
     assert!(group.edges.contains_key(&(b_idx, a_idx)));
 }
@@ -553,24 +560,24 @@ fn reducer_deep_path_ancestor_materialization_four_levels() {
     let content = state.public();
     let tilde_scope = content
         .item_children
-        .get("https://slug.social/~")
+        .get(&item_id("https://slug.social/~"))
         .expect("~/ scope should have children");
-    assert!(tilde_scope.contains("https://slug.social/~/a"));
+    assert!(tilde_scope.contains(&item_id("https://slug.social/~/a")));
 
-    let a_children = content.item_children.get("https://slug.social/~/a").expect("a should have children");
-    assert!(a_children.contains("https://slug.social/~/a/b"));
+    let a_children = content.item_children.get(&item_id("https://slug.social/~/a")).expect("a should have children");
+    assert!(a_children.contains(&item_id("https://slug.social/~/a/b")));
 
-    let ab_children = content.item_children.get("https://slug.social/~/a/b").expect("a/b should have children");
-    assert!(ab_children.contains("https://slug.social/~/a/b/c"));
+    let ab_children = content.item_children.get(&item_id("https://slug.social/~/a/b")).expect("a/b should have children");
+    assert!(ab_children.contains(&item_id("https://slug.social/~/a/b/c")));
 
-    let abc_children = content.item_children.get("https://slug.social/~/a/b/c").expect("a/b/c should have children");
-    assert!(abc_children.contains("https://slug.social/~/a/b/c/d"));
+    let abc_children = content.item_children.get(&item_id("https://slug.social/~/a/b/c")).expect("a/b/c should have children");
+    assert!(abc_children.contains(&item_id("https://slug.social/~/a/b/c/d")));
 
     // Only the leaf should be in items set
-    assert!(content.items.contains("https://slug.social/~/a/b/c/d"));
-    assert!(!content.items.contains("https://slug.social/~/a"));
-    assert!(!content.items.contains("https://slug.social/~/a/b"));
-    assert!(!content.items.contains("https://slug.social/~/a/b/c"));
+    assert!(content.items.contains(&item_id("https://slug.social/~/a/b/c/d")));
+    assert!(!content.items.contains(&item_id("https://slug.social/~/a")));
+    assert!(!content.items.contains(&item_id("https://slug.social/~/a/b")));
+    assert!(!content.items.contains(&item_id("https://slug.social/~/a/b/c")));
 }
 
 // ============================================================================
@@ -610,7 +617,7 @@ fn ranking_convergence_tolerance_triggers_early_exit() {
     // Very tight tolerance but huge max_iters — should still converge fast
     let ranked = ranked_items(&mut group, 1_000_000, 1e-15);
     assert_eq!(ranked.len(), 2);
-    assert_eq!(ranked[0].item, "https://slug.social/~/t/a");
+    assert_eq!(ranked[0].item.as_str(), "https://slug.social/~/t/a");
 }
 
 // ============================================================================
@@ -624,14 +631,14 @@ fn test_item_body_overwrite() {
         1,
         "~/t/x {first}\n",
     ));
-    assert_eq!(state.public().item_bodies.get("https://slug.social/~/t/x"), Some(&"first".to_string()));
+    assert_eq!(state.public().item_bodies.get(&item_id("https://slug.social/~/t/x")), Some(&"first".to_string()));
 
     state.apply_event(ingest_event(
         2,
         "~/t/x {second}\n",
     ));
     assert_eq!(
-        state.public().item_bodies.get("https://slug.social/~/t/x"),
+        state.public().item_bodies.get(&item_id("https://slug.social/~/t/x")),
         Some(&"second".to_string()),
         "last writer should win for item bodies"
     );
@@ -645,9 +652,9 @@ fn test_empty_body_not_stored() {
         "~/t/blank {   }\n",
     ));
     let content = state.public();
-    assert!(content.items.contains("https://slug.social/~/t/blank"), "item should exist");
+    assert!(content.items.contains(&item_id("https://slug.social/~/t/blank")), "item should exist");
     assert!(
-        !content.item_bodies.contains_key("https://slug.social/~/t/blank"),
+        !content.item_bodies.contains_key(&item_id("https://slug.social/~/t/blank")),
         "whitespace-only body should not be stored"
     );
 }
@@ -664,7 +671,7 @@ fn test_duplicate_items_across_ingests() {
         "~/t/dup {second}\n",
     ));
     let content = state.public();
-    let count = content.items.iter().filter(|i| *i == "https://slug.social/~/t/dup").count();
+    let count = content.items.iter().filter(|i| i.as_str() == "https://slug.social/~/t/dup").count();
     assert_eq!(count, 1, "items set should deduplicate across ingests");
 }
 
@@ -736,7 +743,7 @@ fn test_thread_id_is_used_for_votes_and_indexes() {
     let content = state.public();
     let vote = content
         .item_votes
-        .get("https://slug.social/~/t/a")
+        .get(&item_id("https://slug.social/~/t/a"))
         .unwrap()
         .front()
         .unwrap();
@@ -745,7 +752,7 @@ fn test_thread_id_is_used_for_votes_and_indexes() {
     assert!(state
         .public()
         .item_threads
-        .get("https://slug.social/~/t/a")
+        .get(&item_id("https://slug.social/~/t/a"))
         .is_some_and(|threads| threads.contains("first")));
 }
 
@@ -757,11 +764,11 @@ fn test_rank_history_created_for_voted_items() {
         "~/t/a {a}\n~/t/b {b}\n~/t/a 3:1 ~/t/b {reason}\n",
     ));
     assert!(
-        state.public().rank_history.contains_key("https://slug.social/~/t/a"),
+        state.public().rank_history.contains_key(&item_id("https://slug.social/~/t/a")),
         "rank_history should have entry for voted item a"
     );
     assert!(
-        state.public().rank_history.contains_key("https://slug.social/~/t/b"),
+        state.public().rank_history.contains_key(&item_id("https://slug.social/~/t/b")),
         "rank_history should have entry for voted item b"
     );
 }
@@ -774,7 +781,7 @@ fn test_rank_history_not_created_for_unvoted_items() {
         "~/t/c {just a definition}\n",
     ));
     assert!(
-        !state.public().rank_history.contains_key("https://slug.social/~/t/c"),
+        !state.public().rank_history.contains_key(&item_id("https://slug.social/~/t/c")),
         "rank_history should NOT have entry for item with no votes"
     );
 }
@@ -786,7 +793,7 @@ fn test_rank_history_first_entry_delta_zero() {
         1,
         "~/t/a {a}\n~/t/b {b}\n~/t/a 3:1 ~/t/b {reason}\n",
     ));
-    let history_a = state.public().rank_history.get("https://slug.social/~/t/a").unwrap();
+    let history_a = state.public().rank_history.get(&item_id("https://slug.social/~/t/a")).unwrap();
     assert_eq!(history_a.len(), 1);
     assert_eq!(
         history_a[0].scope_rank_delta, 0,
diff --git a/types/src/item_id.rs b/types/src/item_id.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5fe9fad39c0d58e546c0a0162eba4348d64e0865
--- /dev/null
+++ b/types/src/item_id.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,225 @@
+//! Structural item identity for the reducer graph and ranking (vs presentation-only strings).
+
+use std::cmp::Ordering;
+use std::fmt;
+
+use serde::{Deserialize, Deserializer, Serialize, Serializer};
+
+use crate::item_wire::{
+    canonicalize_item, external_display_dash_prefix, normalize_slug_ontology_storage_url,
+    SLUG_TILDE_ONTOLOGY_ROOT,
+};
+
+/// Structural key for items in [`slug_types`] and the server reducer.
+///
+/// Wire / JSON uses the same single string as the former canonical item URL (via serde).
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Hash, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum ItemId {
+    /// Tilde ontology root (`~/`); storage [`SLUG_TILDE_ONTOLOGY_ROOT`].
+    Root,
+    /// `https://slug.social/~/…` (non-root; normalized trailing path).
+    Local(String),
+    /// Normalized `http(s)://…` storage form, including non-`~/` paths on `slug.social`.
+    Web(String),
+    /// Raw key material that did not round-trip through [`Self::parse`] (historical edge case).
+    Opaque(String),
+}
+
+impl ItemId {
+    pub fn parse(input: &str) -> Option<Self> {
+        let c = normalize_slug_ontology_storage_url(&canonicalize_item(input));
+        if c.is_empty() {
+            return None;
+        }
+        if c == SLUG_TILDE_ONTOLOGY_ROOT {
+            return Some(Self::Root);
+        }
+        if c.starts_with("https://slug.social/~/") && c != SLUG_TILDE_ONTOLOGY_ROOT {
+            return Some(Self::Local(c));
+        }
+        Some(Self::Web(c))
+    }
+
+    /// Same as the old `ensure_item` fallback: use `s` verbatim as the map key.
+    pub fn opaque(raw: String) -> Self {
+        Self::Opaque(raw)
+    }
+
+    pub fn ontology_root() -> Self {
+        Self::Root
+    }
+
+    /// Collapses legacy slug ontology root spellings so [`std::collections::HashMap`] keys match the graph.
+    pub fn normalized_storage(self) -> Self {
+        Self::parse(self.as_str()).unwrap_or(self)
+    }
+
+    pub fn as_str(&self) -> &str {
+        match self {
+            ItemId::Root => SLUG_TILDE_ONTOLOGY_ROOT,
+            ItemId::Local(s) | ItemId::Web(s) | ItemId::Opaque(s) => s,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn to_storage_string(&self) -> String {
+        self.as_str().to_string()
+    }
+
+    pub fn tilde_tail(&self) -> Option<&str> {
+        match self {
+            ItemId::Root => Some(""),
+            ItemId::Local(s) => s.strip_prefix("https://slug.social/~/"),
+            ItemId::Web(s) | ItemId::Opaque(s) => {
+                if let Some(tail) = s.strip_prefix("https://slug.social/~/") {
+                    return Some(tail);
+                }
+                if s == SLUG_TILDE_ONTOLOGY_ROOT || s == "https://slug.social/~/" {
+                    return Some("");
+                }
+                None
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// HTTP garden tail after `~/` (empty at ontology root), or `None` if not under tilde ontology.
+    pub fn tilde_http_tail(&self) -> Option<String> {
+        self.tilde_tail().map(str::to_owned)
+    }
+
+    pub fn last_segment(&self) -> &str {
+        let s = self.as_str();
+        s.rsplit('/').find(|x| !x.is_empty()).unwrap_or(s)
+    }
+
+    pub fn parent(&self) -> Option<Self> {
+        match self {
+            ItemId::Root => None,
+            ItemId::Local(s) => {
+                if s == SLUG_TILDE_ONTOLOGY_ROOT || s == "https://slug.social/~/" {
+                    return None;
+                }
+                let last_slash = s.rfind('/')?;
+                let parent_str = &s[..last_slash];
+                if parent_str.is_empty() {
+                    None
+                } else {
+                    Self::parse(parent_str)
+                }
+            }
+            ItemId::Web(s) | ItemId::Opaque(s) => {
+                if s == SLUG_TILDE_ONTOLOGY_ROOT || s == "https://slug.social/~/" {
+                    return None;
+                }
+                if let Some(rest) = s.strip_prefix("https://slug.social/~/") {
+                    if rest.is_empty() {
+                        return None;
+                    }
+                    let last_slash = s.rfind('/')?;
+                    let parent_str = &s[..last_slash];
+                    Self::parse(parent_str)
+                } else if s.starts_with("https://") {
+                    let rest = s.strip_prefix("https://").unwrap();
+                    Self::parent_http_url("https://", rest)
+                } else if s.starts_with("http://") {
+                    let rest = s.strip_prefix("http://").unwrap();
+                    Self::parent_http_url("http://", rest)
+                } else {
+                    None
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn parent_http_url(scheme: &'static str, rest: &str) -> Option<Self> {
+        let (host, path) = rest.split_once('/').map_or((rest, ""), |(h, p)| (h, p));
+        let host = host.trim();
+        let path = path.trim_end_matches('/');
+        if path.is_empty() {
+            return None;
+        }
+        let parent_path = path.rsplit_once('/').map(|(p, _)| p).unwrap_or("");
+        if parent_path.is_empty() {
+            Self::parse(&format!("{scheme}{}", host))
+        } else {
+            Self::parse(&format!("{scheme}{}/{}", host, parent_path))
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// `-/` representation for external `https://…` items, `~/…` for slug ontology, else unchanged.
+    pub fn display_path(&self) -> String {
+        if let Some(tail) = self.tilde_tail() {
+            if tail.is_empty() {
+                return "~/".to_string();
+            }
+            return format!("~/{}", tail);
+        }
+        let s = self.as_str();
+        if let Some(tail) = s.strip_prefix("https://") {
+            if tail.starts_with("slug.social") {
+                return s.to_string();
+            }
+            return external_display_dash_prefix(tail);
+        }
+        if let Some(tail) = s.strip_prefix("http://") {
+            if tail.starts_with("slug.social") {
+                return s.to_string();
+            }
+            return external_display_dash_prefix(tail);
+        }
+        s.to_string()
+    }
+
+    pub fn tilde_segments(&self) -> Vec<&str> {
+        match self.tilde_tail() {
+            Some(tail) if !tail.is_empty() => std::iter::once("~")
+                .chain(tail.split('/').filter(|s| !s.is_empty()))
+                .collect(),
+            Some(_) => vec!["~"],
+            None => vec![],
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Normalized URL string for HTTP fetch boundaries (external identities).
+    pub fn to_wire_url(&self) -> String {
+        self.to_storage_string()
+    }
+}
+
+impl PartialOrd for ItemId {
+    fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Option<Ordering> {
+        Some(self.cmp(other))
+    }
+}
+
+impl Ord for ItemId {
+    fn cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Ordering {
+        self.as_str().cmp(other.as_str())
+    }
+}
+
+impl fmt::Display for ItemId {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        self.as_str().fmt(f)
+    }
+}
+
+impl Serialize for ItemId {
+    fn serialize<S>(&self, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error>
+    where
+        S: Serializer,
+    {
+        self.as_str().serialize(serializer)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'de> Deserialize<'de> for ItemId {
+    fn deserialize<D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<Self, D::Error>
+    where
+        D: Deserializer<'de>,
+    {
+        let s = String::deserialize(deserializer)?;
+        ItemId::parse(&s).ok_or_else(|| {
+            serde::de::Error::custom(format!("invalid item id: {s:?}"))
+        })
+    }
+}
diff --git a/types/src/item_wire.rs b/types/src/item_wire.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..20e3e7df77a74713c146c7e7222a809173723c7d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/types/src/item_wire.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
+//! Wire normalization for item identity strings (`canonicalize_item`, path segments).
+//! Split from `paths` so [`crate::item_id::ItemId`] can depend on this without import cycles.
+
+use crate::url_normalize::{host_preserves_dash_path_case, normalize_http_identity_url};
+
+/// Canonical absolute URL for the tilde ontology **root** (`~/` in UI).
+pub const SLUG_TILDE_ONTOLOGY_ROOT: &str = "https://slug.social/~";
+
+/// Collapse legacy or parser variants of the ontology root to [`SLUG_TILDE_ONTOLOGY_ROOT`].
+pub fn normalize_slug_ontology_storage_url(s: &str) -> String {
+    if s == "https://slug.social/~/" {
+        SLUG_TILDE_ONTOLOGY_ROOT.to_string()
+    } else {
+        s.to_string()
+    }
+}
+
+fn finalize_external_identity_url(s: String) -> String {
+    if s.starts_with("https://slug.social/") {
+        return s;
+    }
+    let normalized = normalize_http_identity_url(&s).unwrap_or_else(|| s.clone());
+    strip_redundant_root_slash(&normalized).unwrap_or(normalized)
+}
+
+/// `url::Url` serializes bare hosts with a `/` path; we keep host-only items slash-free for stable
+/// keys matching the pre-normalizer spellings.
+fn strip_redundant_root_slash(s: &str) -> Option<String> {
+    let u = url::Url::parse(s).ok()?;
+    if u.path() == "/" && u.query().is_none() && u.fragment().is_none() {
+        let scheme = u.scheme();
+        let host = u.host_str()?;
+        return Some(match u.port() {
+            Some(p) => format!("{scheme}://{host}:{p}"),
+            None => format!("{scheme}://{host}"),
+        });
+    }
+    None
+}
+
+/// Ontology item reference → canonical absolute URL on the slug host.
+pub fn canonicalize_item(input: &str) -> String {
+    let s = input.trim();
+    if s.is_empty() {
+        return String::new();
+    }
+
+    if let Some(rest) = s.strip_prefix("-/") {
+        let (host, tail) = rest
+            .split_once('/')
+            .map_or((rest, ""), |(h, t)| (h, t));
+        let host = host.trim().to_lowercase();
+        if host.is_empty() {
+            return String::new();
+        }
+        let preserve_case = host_preserves_dash_path_case(&host);
+        return if tail.is_empty() {
+            finalize_external_identity_url(format!("https://{}", host))
+        } else {
+            let path = tail
+                .trim_start_matches('/')
+                .trim_end_matches('/')
+                .split('/')
+                .filter_map(|seg| {
+                    let t = seg.trim();
+                    if t.is_empty() {
+                        None
+                    } else if preserve_case {
+                        Some(t.to_string())
+                    } else {
+                        Some(t.to_lowercase())
+                    }
+                })
+                .collect::<Vec<_>>()
+                .join("/");
+            finalize_external_identity_url(format!("https://{}/{}", host, path))
+        };
+    }
+
+    if let Some(rest) = s.strip_prefix("https://") {
+        let (host, tail) = rest.split_once('/').map_or((rest, ""), |(h, t)| (h, t));
+        let host = host.trim().to_lowercase();
+        return finalize_external_identity_url(if tail.is_empty() {
+            format!("https://{}", host)
+        } else {
+            format!("https://{}/{}", host, tail)
+        });
+    }
+    if let Some(rest) = s.strip_prefix("http://") {
+        let (host, tail) = rest.split_once('/').map_or((rest, ""), |(h, t)| (h, t));
+        let host = host.trim().to_lowercase();
+        return finalize_external_identity_url(if tail.is_empty() {
+            format!("http://{}", host)
+        } else {
+            format!("http://{}/{}", host, tail)
+        });
+    }
+
+    let is_tilde = s.starts_with("~/");
+    let rest = s.strip_prefix("~/").or_else(|| s.strip_prefix("/")).unwrap_or(s);
+
+    let tail = rest
+        .split('/')
+        .filter_map(|seg| {
+            let t = seg.trim();
+            if t.is_empty() {
+                None
+            } else {
+                Some(t.to_lowercase())
+            }
+        })
+        .collect::<Vec<_>>()
+        .join("/");
+
+    if is_tilde {
+        if tail.is_empty() {
+            return SLUG_TILDE_ONTOLOGY_ROOT.to_string();
+        }
+        format!("https://slug.social/~/{}", tail)
+    } else if tail.is_empty() {
+        "https://slug.social".to_string()
+    } else {
+        format!("https://slug.social/{}", tail)
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn item_path_segments(input: &str) -> Vec<String> {
+    let canonical = canonicalize_item(input);
+    if canonical.is_empty() {
+        return vec![];
+    }
+
+    if let Some(rest) = canonical.strip_prefix("https://") {
+        let (host, tail) = rest.split_once('/').map_or((rest, ""), |(h, t)| (h, t));
+        let mut out = vec![format!("https://{}", host)];
+        out.extend(tail.split('/').filter(|s| !s.is_empty()).map(|s| s.to_string()));
+        return out;
+    }
+    if let Some(rest) = canonical.strip_prefix("http://") {
+        let (host, tail) = rest.split_once('/').map_or((rest, ""), |(h, t)| (h, t));
+        let mut out = vec![format!("http://{}", host)];
+        out.extend(tail.split('/').filter(|s| !s.is_empty()).map(|s| s.to_string()));
+        return out;
+    }
+
+    canonical
+        .split('/')
+        .filter(|s| !s.is_empty())
+        .map(|s| s.to_string())
+        .collect()
+}
+
+pub fn item_parent_path(input: &str) -> Option<String> {
+    let segs = item_path_segments(input);
+    if segs.len() <= 1 {
+        return None;
+    }
+    Some(segs[..segs.len() - 1].join("/"))
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn external_display_dash_prefix(host_and_path: &str) -> String {
+    let (host, path) = host_and_path
+        .split_once('/')
+        .map_or((host_and_path, ""), |(h, p)| (h, p));
+    let host = host.trim().to_lowercase();
+    let path = path
+        .trim_end_matches('/')
+        .split('/')
+        .filter_map(|seg| {
+            let t = seg.trim();
+            if t.is_empty() {
+                None
+            } else {
+                Some(t.to_lowercase())
+            }
+        })
+        .collect::<Vec<_>>()
+        .join("/");
+    if path.is_empty() {
+        format!("-/{}", host)
+    } else {
+        format!("-/{}", format!("{}/{}", host, path))
+    }
+}
diff --git a/types/src/lib.rs b/types/src/lib.rs
index ceaa574cd32b7e7eb397c9a3191fcbc037b8c606..05bcfcfbf48f1dc7a4c05e32055bd12eb5cfd623 100644
--- a/types/src/lib.rs
+++ b/types/src/lib.rs
@@ -1,14 +1,20 @@
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 
 pub mod url_normalize;
+pub mod item_wire;
+pub mod item_id;
 pub mod paths;
 pub mod timeago;
 
+pub use item_id::ItemId;
+pub use item_wire::{
+    canonicalize_item, item_parent_path, item_path_segments, normalize_slug_ontology_storage_url,
+    SLUG_TILDE_ONTOLOGY_ROOT,
+};
 pub use paths::{
-    canonicalize_item, canonicalize_tag, item_parent_path, item_path_segments, normalize_slug_ontology_storage_url,
-    CanonicalItemUrl, ForumThreadUrl, GardenItemUrl, RelativePath, SLUG_TILDE_ONTOLOGY_ROOT,
+    canonicalize_tag, ForumThreadUrl, GardenItemUrl, RelativePath,
     room_id_from_route_segment, room_route_segment, ROOM_SHORT_ID_LEN,
-    TildeHttpPathTail, TildeOntologyPath, TildePath, tilde_http_path_to_canonical,
+    TildeHttpPathTail, TildeOntologyPath, TildePath, tilde_http_path_to_item_id,
 };
 pub use url_normalize::normalize_http_identity_url;
 
diff --git a/types/src/paths.rs b/types/src/paths.rs
index 5c60e762c2ca74d79c74237097d5bcc02ba74af2..a1d066d83e7fbcefc27707dd682e54dbcec1cc56 100644
--- a/types/src/paths.rs
+++ b/types/src/paths.rs
@@ -3,37 +3,23 @@
 //!
 //! ## String kinds (parse in this module only)
 //!
-//! - **[`canonicalize_item`] / [`CanonicalItemUrl`]** — graph storage key and DSL form; tilde
+//! - **[`canonicalize_item`] / [`crate::ItemId`]** — graph storage key and DSL form; tilde
 //!   ontology root is always [`SLUG_TILDE_ONTOLOGY_ROOT`] (no `…/~/` trailing slash only).
 //! - **[`TildeHttpPathTail`]** — capture from `GET /~/*path` or `…/r/{short}{slug}/~/…` (the `*path` segment).
 //! - **`-/…` wire form** — external items; see [`canonicalize_item`] dash branch.
 //! - **[`GardenItemUrl`], [`ForumThreadUrl`]** — JSON / browser href surfaces.
 //! - **[`ROOM_SHORT_ID_LEN`] / [`room_route_segment`]** — `/r/{short}{slug}` vs wire `short/slug`.
 
-use std::borrow::Borrow;
 use std::fmt;
 use std::ops::Deref;
 
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 
-use crate::url_normalize::{host_preserves_dash_path_case, normalize_http_identity_url};
-
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// Slug tilde ontology (single storage form for `~/`)
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-/// Canonical absolute URL for the tilde ontology **root** (`~/` in UI). Used as the
-/// `item_children` parent key for top-level items and must match [`CanonicalItemUrl::ontology_root`].
-pub const SLUG_TILDE_ONTOLOGY_ROOT: &str = "https://slug.social/~";
-
-/// Collapse legacy or parser variants of the ontology root to [`SLUG_TILDE_ONTOLOGY_ROOT`].
-pub fn normalize_slug_ontology_storage_url(s: &str) -> String {
-    if s == "https://slug.social/~/" {
-        SLUG_TILDE_ONTOLOGY_ROOT.to_string()
-    } else {
-        s.to_string()
-    }
-}
+use crate::item_id::ItemId;
+pub use crate::item_wire::{
+    canonicalize_item, item_parent_path, item_path_segments, normalize_slug_ontology_storage_url,
+    SLUG_TILDE_ONTOLOGY_ROOT,
+};
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Private room HTTP path (`/r/{short}{slug}`; wire id remains `short/slug`)
@@ -84,310 +70,10 @@ pub fn canonicalize_tag(input: &str) -> String {
     input.trim().trim_start_matches('#').to_lowercase()
 }
 
-fn finalize_external_identity_url(s: String) -> String {
-    if s.starts_with("https://slug.social/") {
-        return s;
-    }
-    let normalized = normalize_http_identity_url(&s).unwrap_or_else(|| s.clone());
-    strip_redundant_root_slash(&normalized).unwrap_or(normalized)
-}
-
-/// `url::Url` serializes bare hosts with a `/` path; we keep host-only items slash-free for stable
-/// keys matching the pre-normalizer spellings.
-fn strip_redundant_root_slash(s: &str) -> Option<String> {
-    let u = url::Url::parse(s).ok()?;
-    if u.path() == "/" && u.query().is_none() && u.fragment().is_none() {
-        let scheme = u.scheme();
-        let host = u.host_str()?;
-        return Some(match u.port() {
-            Some(p) => format!("{scheme}://{host}:{p}"),
-            None => format!("{scheme}://{host}"),
-        });
-    }
-    None
-}
-
-/// Ontology item reference → canonical absolute URL on the slug host.
-pub fn canonicalize_item(input: &str) -> String {
-    let s = input.trim();
-    if s.is_empty() {
-        return String::new();
-    }
-
-    // External scope: `-/host/path` is the universal alias for `https://host/path`.
-    if let Some(rest) = s.strip_prefix("-/") {
-        let (host, tail) = rest
-            .split_once('/')
-            .map_or((rest, ""), |(h, t)| (h, t));
-        let host = host.trim().to_lowercase();
-        if host.is_empty() {
-            return String::new();
-        }
-        let preserve_case = host_preserves_dash_path_case(&host);
-        return if tail.is_empty() {
-            finalize_external_identity_url(format!("https://{}", host))
-        } else {
-            let path = tail
-                .trim_start_matches('/')
-                .trim_end_matches('/')
-                .split('/')
-                .filter_map(|seg| {
-                    let t = seg.trim();
-                    if t.is_empty() {
-                        None
-                    } else if preserve_case {
-                        Some(t.to_string())
-                    } else {
-                        Some(t.to_lowercase())
-                    }
-                })
-                .collect::<Vec<_>>()
-                .join("/");
-            finalize_external_identity_url(format!("https://{}/{}", host, path))
-        };
-    }
-
-    if let Some(rest) = s.strip_prefix("https://") {
-        let (host, tail) = rest.split_once('/').map_or((rest, ""), |(h, t)| (h, t));
-        let host = host.trim().to_lowercase();
-        return finalize_external_identity_url(if tail.is_empty() {
-            format!("https://{}", host)
-        } else {
-            format!("https://{}/{}", host, tail)
-        });
-    }
-    if let Some(rest) = s.strip_prefix("http://") {
-        let (host, tail) = rest.split_once('/').map_or((rest, ""), |(h, t)| (h, t));
-        let host = host.trim().to_lowercase();
-        return finalize_external_identity_url(if tail.is_empty() {
-            format!("http://{}", host)
-        } else {
-            format!("http://{}/{}", host, tail)
-        });
-    }
-
-    let is_tilde = s.starts_with("~/");
-    let rest = s.strip_prefix("~/").or_else(|| s.strip_prefix("/")).unwrap_or(s);
-
-    let tail = rest
-        .split('/')
-        .filter_map(|seg| {
-            let t = seg.trim();
-            if t.is_empty() {
-                None
-            } else {
-                Some(t.to_lowercase())
-            }
-        })
-        .collect::<Vec<_>>()
-        .join("/");
-
-    if is_tilde {
-        if tail.is_empty() {
-            return SLUG_TILDE_ONTOLOGY_ROOT.to_string();
-        }
-        format!("https://slug.social/~/{}", tail)
-    } else if tail.is_empty() {
-        "https://slug.social".to_string()
-    } else {
-        format!("https://slug.social/{}", tail)
-    }
-}
-
-pub fn item_path_segments(input: &str) -> Vec<String> {
-    let canonical = canonicalize_item(input);
-    if canonical.is_empty() {
-        return vec![];
-    }
-
-    if let Some(rest) = canonical.strip_prefix("https://") {
-        let (host, tail) = rest.split_once('/').map_or((rest, ""), |(h, t)| (h, t));
-        let mut out = vec![format!("https://{}", host)];
-        out.extend(tail.split('/').filter(|s| !s.is_empty()).map(|s| s.to_string()));
-        return out;
-    }
-    if let Some(rest) = canonical.strip_prefix("http://") {
-        let (host, tail) = rest.split_once('/').map_or((rest, ""), |(h, t)| (h, t));
-        let mut out = vec![format!("http://{}", host)];
-        out.extend(tail.split('/').filter(|s| !s.is_empty()).map(|s| s.to_string()));
-        return out;
-    }
-
-    canonical
-        .split('/')
-        .filter(|s| !s.is_empty())
-        .map(|s| s.to_string())
-        .collect()
-}
-
-pub fn item_parent_path(input: &str) -> Option<String> {
-    let segs = item_path_segments(input);
-    if segs.len() <= 1 {
-        return None;
-    }
-    Some(segs[..segs.len() - 1].join("/"))
-}
-
-fn external_display_dash_prefix(host_and_path: &str) -> String {
-    let (host, path) = host_and_path
-        .split_once('/')
-        .map_or((host_and_path, ""), |(h, p)| (h, p));
-    let host = host.trim().to_lowercase();
-    let path = path
-        .trim_end_matches('/')
-        .split('/')
-        .filter_map(|seg| {
-            let t = seg.trim();
-            if t.is_empty() {
-                None
-            } else {
-                Some(t.to_lowercase())
-            }
-        })
-        .collect::<Vec<_>>()
-        .join("/");
-    if path.is_empty() {
-        format!("-/{}", host)
-    } else {
-        format!("-/{}", format!("{}/{}", host, path))
-    }
-}
-
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Storage + input path newtypes
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-/// Canonical item identifier as produced by [`canonicalize_item`].
-///
-/// Shared across all scopes; room is not embedded. Usually
-/// `https://slug.social/~/…` or an external `http(s)://…` URL item.
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash, Serialize, Deserialize)]
-pub struct CanonicalItemUrl(pub String);
-
-impl CanonicalItemUrl {
-    pub fn parse(input: &str) -> Option<Self> {
-        let c = canonicalize_item(input);
-        if c.is_empty() {
-            None
-        } else {
-            Some(Self(normalize_slug_ontology_storage_url(&c)))
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn as_str(&self) -> &str {
-        &self.0
-    }
-
-    /// Collapses legacy slug ontology root spellings so [`HashMap`] keys match the reducer graph.
-    pub fn normalized_storage(self) -> Self {
-        Self(normalize_slug_ontology_storage_url(self.as_str()))
-    }
-
-    pub fn tilde_tail(&self) -> Option<&str> {
-        if let Some(tail) = self.0.strip_prefix("https://slug.social/~/") {
-            return Some(tail);
-        }
-        if self.0 == SLUG_TILDE_ONTOLOGY_ROOT || self.0 == "https://slug.social/~/" {
-            return Some("");
-        }
-        None
-    }
-
-    pub fn last_segment(&self) -> &str {
-        self.0
-            .rsplit('/')
-            .find(|s| !s.is_empty())
-            .unwrap_or(self.0.as_str())
-    }
-
-    pub fn ontology_root() -> Self {
-        Self(SLUG_TILDE_ONTOLOGY_ROOT.to_string())
-    }
-
-    pub fn parent(&self) -> Option<Self> {
-        if self.tilde_tail().is_some() {
-            if self.tilde_tail().map(|t| t.is_empty()).unwrap_or(true) {
-                return None;
-            }
-            let last_slash = self.0.rfind('/')?;
-            let parent_str = &self.0[..last_slash];
-            if parent_str.is_empty() {
-                None
-            } else {
-                Some(Self(parent_str.to_string()))
-            }
-        } else if let Some(rest) = self.0.strip_prefix("https://") {
-            Self::parent_http_url("https://", rest)
-        } else if let Some(rest) = self.0.strip_prefix("http://") {
-            Self::parent_http_url("http://", rest)
-        } else {
-            None
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn parent_http_url(scheme: &'static str, rest: &str) -> Option<Self> {
-        let (host, path) = rest.split_once('/').map_or((rest, ""), |(h, p)| (h, p));
-        let host = host.trim();
-        let path = path.trim_end_matches('/');
-        if path.is_empty() {
-            return None;
-        }
-        let parent_path = path.rsplit_once('/').map(|(p, _)| p).unwrap_or("");
-        if parent_path.is_empty() {
-            Some(Self(format!("{scheme}{}", host)))
-        } else {
-            Some(Self(format!("{scheme}{}/{}", host, parent_path)))
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// `-/` representation for external `https://…` items, `~/…` for slug ontology, else unchanged.
-    pub fn display_path(&self) -> String {
-        if let Some(tail) = self.tilde_tail() {
-            if tail.is_empty() {
-                return "~/".to_string();
-            }
-            return format!("~/{}", tail);
-        }
-        if let Some(tail) = self.0.strip_prefix("https://") {
-            if tail.starts_with("slug.social") {
-                self.0.clone()
-            } else {
-                external_display_dash_prefix(tail)
-            }
-        } else if let Some(tail) = self.0.strip_prefix("http://") {
-            if tail.starts_with("slug.social") {
-                self.0.clone()
-            } else {
-                external_display_dash_prefix(tail)
-            }
-        } else {
-            self.0.clone()
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn tilde_segments(&self) -> Vec<&str> {
-        match self.tilde_tail() {
-            Some(tail) if !tail.is_empty() => {
-                std::iter::once("~")
-                    .chain(tail.split('/').filter(|s| !s.is_empty()))
-                    .collect()
-            }
-            Some(_) => vec!["~"],
-            None => vec![],
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// `~/…` list label for ontology items (paths index, CLI).
-    pub fn tilde_list_label(&self) -> TildeOntologyPath {
-        TildeOntologyPath::from_stored(self)
-    }
-
-    /// Absolute href for JSON/RPC and browsers for this stored id in `room`.
-    pub fn json_href(&self, room_wire: &str) -> GardenItemUrl {
-        GardenItemUrl::from_stored(self, room_wire)
-    }
-}
-
 /// HTTP route capture: path segment after `~/` in `GET /~/*path` or `…/r/{short}{slug}/~/…` (empty = ontology root).
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
 pub struct TildeHttpPathTail(pub String);
@@ -401,13 +87,13 @@ impl TildeHttpPathTail {
         &self.0
     }
 
-    pub fn to_canonical(&self) -> CanonicalItemUrl {
-        tilde_http_path_to_canonical(self.as_str())
+    pub fn to_item_id(&self) -> ItemId {
+        tilde_http_path_to_item_id(self.as_str())
     }
 }
 
-/// Map the router's tilde tail (e.g. `topic/a`, or empty for root) to a [`CanonicalItemUrl`].
-pub fn tilde_http_path_to_canonical(path_segment: &str) -> CanonicalItemUrl {
+/// Map the router's tilde tail (e.g. `topic/a`, or empty for root) to an [`ItemId`].
+pub fn tilde_http_path_to_item_id(path_segment: &str) -> ItemId {
     let p = path_segment.trim_start_matches('/');
     let raw = if p.starts_with("http://") || p.starts_with("https://") {
         p.to_string()
@@ -416,37 +102,7 @@ pub fn tilde_http_path_to_canonical(path_segment: &str) -> CanonicalItemUrl {
     } else {
         format!("~/{}", p)
     };
-    CanonicalItemUrl::parse(&raw).unwrap_or_else(|| CanonicalItemUrl::ontology_root())
-}
-
-impl fmt::Display for CanonicalItemUrl {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
-        self.0.fmt(f)
-    }
-}
-
-impl Borrow<str> for CanonicalItemUrl {
-    fn borrow(&self) -> &str {
-        &self.0
-    }
-}
-
-impl PartialEq<str> for CanonicalItemUrl {
-    fn eq(&self, other: &str) -> bool {
-        self.0 == other
-    }
-}
-
-impl PartialEq<&str> for CanonicalItemUrl {
-    fn eq(&self, other: &&str) -> bool {
-        self.0 == *other
-    }
-}
-
-impl PartialEq<String> for CanonicalItemUrl {
-    fn eq(&self, other: &String) -> bool {
-        &self.0 == other
-    }
+    ItemId::parse(&raw).unwrap_or_else(ItemId::ontology_root)
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash, Serialize, Deserialize)]
@@ -468,8 +124,8 @@ impl TildePath {
         &self.0
     }
 
-    pub fn canonicalize(&self) -> Option<CanonicalItemUrl> {
-        CanonicalItemUrl::parse(&self.0)
+    pub fn canonicalize(&self) -> Option<ItemId> {
+        ItemId::parse(&self.0)
     }
 }
 
@@ -496,7 +152,7 @@ impl RelativePath {
         &self.0
     }
 
-    pub fn join_under_ontology_root(&self, root: &CanonicalItemUrl) -> Option<CanonicalItemUrl> {
+    pub fn join_under_ontology_root(&self, root: &ItemId) -> Option<ItemId> {
         let base = root.tilde_tail()?;
         let joined = if base.is_empty() {
             if self.0.is_empty() {
@@ -509,7 +165,7 @@ impl RelativePath {
         } else {
             format!("~/{}/{}", base.trim_end_matches('/'), self.0)
         };
-        CanonicalItemUrl::parse(&joined)
+        ItemId::parse(&joined)
     }
 }
 
@@ -545,14 +201,17 @@ impl GardenItemUrl {
         self.0
     }
 
-    /// Stored canonical id + RPC `room` field (`"public"` or `"short/slug"`).
-    pub fn from_stored(stored: &CanonicalItemUrl, room_wire: &str) -> Self {
-        Self(garden_href_string(stored.as_str(), room_wire))
+    /// Stored item id + RPC `room` field (`"public"` or `"short/slug"`).
+    pub fn from_stored(stored: &ItemId, room_wire: &str) -> Self {
+        Self(garden_href_string(stored, room_wire))
     }
 
     /// Like [`Self::from_stored`] but accepts a string that may already be canonical.
     pub fn from_storage_str(stored: &str, room_wire: &str) -> Self {
-        Self(garden_href_string(stored, room_wire))
+        let Some(id) = ItemId::parse(stored) else {
+            return Self(api_path_or_url(stored));
+        };
+        Self(garden_href_string(&id, room_wire))
     }
 }
 
@@ -570,18 +229,15 @@ impl Deref for GardenItemUrl {
     }
 }
 
-fn garden_href_string(item: &str, room_wire: &str) -> String {
+fn garden_href_string(c: &ItemId, room_wire: &str) -> String {
     let room = room_wire.trim();
     if room.is_empty() || room == "public" {
-        return api_path_or_url(item);
+        return api_path_or_url(c.as_str());
     }
     let Some(room_seg) = room_route_segment(room) else {
-        return api_path_or_url(item);
-    };
-    let Some(c) = CanonicalItemUrl::parse(item) else {
-        return api_path_or_url(item);
+        return api_path_or_url(c.as_str());
     };
-    let root = CanonicalItemUrl::ontology_root();
+    let root = ItemId::ontology_root();
     let item_norm = c.as_str().trim_end_matches('/');
     let root_norm = root.as_str().trim_end_matches('/');
     if let Some(tail) = c.tilde_tail() {
@@ -600,7 +256,7 @@ fn garden_href_string(item: &str, room_wire: &str) -> String {
         let tail = tail.strip_prefix("-/").unwrap_or(tail.as_str());
         return format!("https://slug.social/r/{room_seg}/-/{tail}");
     }
-    api_path_or_url(item)
+    api_path_or_url(c.as_str())
 }
 
 /// Forum thread URL for JSON (`/t/…` or `/r/…/t/…` on slug.social).
@@ -650,7 +306,7 @@ impl Deref for ForumThreadUrl {
 pub struct TildeOntologyPath(pub String);
 
 impl TildeOntologyPath {
-    pub fn from_stored(c: &CanonicalItemUrl) -> Self {
+    pub fn from_stored(c: &ItemId) -> Self {
         Self(c.display_path())
     }
 
@@ -679,22 +335,22 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn canonical_parent_deep() {
-        let c = CanonicalItemUrl::parse("~/a/b/c").unwrap();
+        let c = ItemId::parse("~/a/b/c").unwrap();
         assert_eq!(c.parent().unwrap().as_str(), "https://slug.social/~/a/b");
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn canonical_parent_one_level() {
-        let c = CanonicalItemUrl::parse("~/a").unwrap();
+        let c = ItemId::parse("~/a").unwrap();
         assert_eq!(c.parent().unwrap().as_str(), "https://slug.social/~");
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn canonical_parent_root_is_none() {
-        let root = CanonicalItemUrl::parse("~/").unwrap();
+        let root = ItemId::parse("~/").unwrap();
         assert!(root.parent().is_none());
         assert_eq!(root.as_str(), SLUG_TILDE_ONTOLOGY_ROOT);
-        assert_eq!(root, CanonicalItemUrl::ontology_root());
+        assert_eq!(root, ItemId::ontology_root());
     }
 
     #[test]
@@ -705,49 +361,49 @@ mod tests {
             SLUG_TILDE_ONTOLOGY_ROOT.to_string()
         );
         assert_eq!(
-            CanonicalItemUrl::parse("https://slug.social/~/")
+            ItemId::parse("https://slug.social/~/")
                 .unwrap()
                 .as_str(),
             SLUG_TILDE_ONTOLOGY_ROOT
         );
-        let legacy = CanonicalItemUrl("https://slug.social/~/".to_string());
+        let legacy = ItemId::opaque("https://slug.social/~/".to_string());
         assert_eq!(legacy.normalized_storage().as_str(), SLUG_TILDE_ONTOLOGY_ROOT);
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn tilde_http_path_tail_maps_router_segment() {
         assert_eq!(
-            TildeHttpPathTail::new("").to_canonical(),
-            CanonicalItemUrl::ontology_root()
+            TildeHttpPathTail::new("").to_item_id(),
+            ItemId::ontology_root()
         );
         assert_eq!(
-            tilde_http_path_to_canonical("topic/x").as_str(),
+            tilde_http_path_to_item_id("topic/x").as_str(),
             "https://slug.social/~/topic/x"
         );
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn display_path_slug_ontology_root() {
-        let r = CanonicalItemUrl::ontology_root();
+        let r = ItemId::ontology_root();
         assert_eq!(r.display_path(), "~/");
         assert_eq!(r.tilde_tail(), Some(""));
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn tilde_segments_deep() {
-        let c = CanonicalItemUrl::parse("~/a/b").unwrap();
+        let c = ItemId::parse("~/a/b").unwrap();
         assert_eq!(c.tilde_segments(), vec!["~", "a", "b"]);
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn tilde_segments_root() {
-        let c = CanonicalItemUrl::parse("~/").unwrap();
+        let c = ItemId::parse("~/").unwrap();
         assert_eq!(c.tilde_segments(), vec!["~"]);
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn tilde_segments_non_ontology_is_empty() {
-        let c = CanonicalItemUrl::parse("https://example.com/foo").unwrap();
+        let c = ItemId::parse("https://example.com/foo").unwrap();
         assert_eq!(c.tilde_segments(), Vec::<&str>::new());
     }
 
@@ -831,28 +487,28 @@ mod tests {
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn canonical_item_url_parent_external_strips_last_segment() {
-        let c = CanonicalItemUrl::parse("https://spotify.com/track/1").unwrap();
+    fn item_id_parent_external_strips_last_segment() {
+        let c = ItemId::parse("https://spotify.com/track/1").unwrap();
         assert_eq!(
             c.parent().unwrap().as_str(),
             "https://spotify.com/track"
         );
         assert_eq!(
-            CanonicalItemUrl::parse("https://github.com/iss/1")
+            ItemId::parse("https://github.com/iss/1")
                 .unwrap()
                 .parent()
                 .unwrap()
                 .as_str(),
             "https://github.com/iss"
         );
-        assert!(CanonicalItemUrl::parse("https://github.com").unwrap().parent().is_none());
+        assert!(ItemId::parse("https://github.com").unwrap().parent().is_none());
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn display_path_roundtrips_dash_and_tilde() {
-        let ext = CanonicalItemUrl::parse("https://GitHub.com/org/Issue").unwrap();
+        let ext = ItemId::parse("https://GitHub.com/org/Issue").unwrap();
         assert_eq!(ext.display_path(), "-/github.com/org/issue");
-        let tilde = CanonicalItemUrl::parse("~/Rust/Doc").unwrap();
+        let tilde = ItemId::parse("~/Rust/Doc").unwrap();
         assert_eq!(tilde.display_path(), "~/rust/doc");
     }